The effects of gilaboru (Viburnum opulus L.) plant extract on histopathological and erythrocyte morphologies in carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) exposed to ammoni̇a

In this study, positive and negative the effects of viburnum opulus (Viburnum opulus L.) plant extraction changes in histopathological and erythrocyte morphologies were investigated when carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.1758) were exposed to ammonia for 4 and 21 (acute and cronic) days. Single dose ammonia (5 ppm) and 3 different doses of Viburnum opulus plant extract (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg) were exposed separately and together to groups outside the control group. As a result of the application, vacuolization of hepatocytes in liver tissues, widening between cells and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed. In gill tissue, epithelial separation, shortening, conjugation and clubbing in the ends were observed in secondary lamellae. In the examination of erythrocytes, echinocyte, hypochromia, spheroid, sickle and fusiform changes were observed in cell morphology, while micronucleus, notches, bud, lobed and binucleus changes were detected in the nucleus morphologies. When all of the changes were taken in to consideration, there were no excessive changes in the group using Viburnum opulus plant extract for 4 and 21 days compared to the control group, while increasing changes were observed in the ammonia group depending on the dose and duration. In the group where ammonia and Viburnum opulus plant extrat were applied together the changes were decreased compared to the ammonia group, but the changes observed changes were higher than the control group. In conclusion, although there are positive effects of Viburnum opulus plant ectract in the changes caused by ammonia, it is concluded that new studies are needed to investigate the best dose. Keywords: Cyprinus carpio, Viburnum opulus, Ammonia, Histopathlogy, Erythrocyte morphology.