The major derivation (İştikâk-i Kebîr) in the arabic language: The case of Surah Maryam

The main focus of this thesis, titled "The Major Derivation (Iştikâk-ı Kebîr) in the Arabic Language: The Case of Surah Maryam," is iştikâk-ı kebîr, one of the significant sub-disciplines within the study of Arabic word structure. The semantic relationships between word roots, as a field contributing to the understanding of the fundamental elements of language, constitute the central axis of this research. Through the example of Surah Maryam, both the theoretical framework and the practical aspects of the relationship between the semantic and structural dimensions of the Arabic word formation system are addressed. In the introduction, the fundamental role of language in conveying human thought and the effectiveness of Arabic's derivational structure in communication are emphasized. The theoretical framework is systematically presented through a literature review based on classical and modern linguistic sources.The first chapter defines the concept of iştikâk, its historical development, its position within the Arabic language, and its subcategories, thereby establishing the theoretical groundwork. In particular, the influence of iştikâk-ı kebîr on the process of word formation based on root structures is explained through linguistic examples, and its relationship with the sciences of morphology (ṣarf) and rhetoric (balāghah) is evaluated. The second chapter focuses on the content, style, and linguistic characteristics of Surah Maryam, analyzing its structural and semantic aspects. Furthermore, the rhetorical strength of the surah is examined through literary devices such as simile (tashbīh), metaphor (isti'ārah), exclamation (nidā'), and expressive style (inshā'ī uslūb), evaluating it from both linguistic and rhetorical perspectives. In the third chapter, an analysis of words in Surah Maryam that correspond to iştikâk-ı kebîr is conducted. Within this framework, the relationships between the roots, meanings, and derivatives of words are revealed, and the structural characteristics of Arabic's derivational system are examined through the semantic depth of the Qur'an. A context- and meaning-oriented interpretation of the words is presented. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to demonstrate that iştikâk-ı kebîr is not merely a method of derivation but also one of the fundamental linguistic structures that reflect the expressive power of Arabic and the subtle layers of meaning in the Qur'an. Ultimately, iştikâk-ı kebîr is evaluated as a linguistic phenomenon that reveals the semantic interconnections embedded within the Arabic language and contributes to the Qur'an's semantic richness. Keywords: Arabic Language and Rhetoric, Morphology (Sarf), Major Derivation (Iştikâk-ı Kebîr), Surah Maryam.