The transformation of enemy perception from anti-semitism to Islamophobia in the Europe (The case of Germany)

This study focuses on the controversial relationship between anti-Semitism and Islamophobia, which has recently been discussed in Europe. In this study, Islamophobia is discussed as the emerging version of anti-Semitism as Islamophobia has been fed by anti-Semitism, which is rooted in Holocaust. By doing so, the transformation of enemy perception in Europe and the increasing Islamophobia after 9/11 has been considered. This study puts Germany at its center while focusing on Europe, and attempts to explain xenophobia and racism concepts, which are roots of Islamophobia and anti-Semitism. Although this topic is newly emerging in the existing literature, the literature provides controversy about the relationship between the two concepts. The dominant view regarding the dispute is that there is a relationship between them. In this respect, this study concluded that there are several similar points between Islamophobia and anti-Semitism and Islamophobia is a fact that has been fed by anti-Semitism.caktır.