Investigation on effects of ontogenetic variations of maritime pine (Pinus Pinaster Ait.) in Bartin region on the chemical compounds, anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities

In this study, chemical compounds, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of needle, cones and bark of Maritime Pine which were collected from two different trees on four different seasons had been investigated. On each seasons, acetone and hexane extracts of this needle, cones and bark had been obtained by soxhlet apparatus. For all that, essential oils of needle and cones had been obtained by hydrodistillation method. Compounds of essential oils obtained on four seasons had been identified by GC-MS. Fatty and resin acids of hexane extracts of needles, cones and bark obtained on four seasons had been analyzed by GC-MS. Additionally, Phenolic compounds in acetone extracts of needles, cones and bark obtained on different seasons had been determined by HPLC. For all seasons, DPPH free radical scavenger activities, ABTS cation radical scavenger activities, cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC), acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition activities of both extracts and essential oils had been investigated. Also for all seasons, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of acetone and hexane extracts had been investigated. According to the results of the study, it is seen that the volatile components of the needles and cones were different from each other in terms of the number of constituents and the proportion of constituents. When the results in different seasons had been compared, it had been found that although there was not a very high difference in the volatile components, it changes in the percentage of the main constituents in both the volatile needle essential oils and the essential oils of the cones. Also, it had been determined that percentages of fatty and resin acids and phenolic compounds on different seasons were different from each other. On the other hand, the high total phenolic and flavonoid contents in acetone extracts were notable when the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents had been investigated. Overall, the total phenolic content in the acetone extracts of cones and bark was higher than needle acetone extracts. When the results in different season had been investigated, it had been seen that there was a significant difference between the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in different periods of the same extract. In Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity results, it had been also found to be highly significant differences between different seasons of the same sample. Additionally, it had been determined that the acetone extracts of cones and barks exhibited a high antioxidant activity and in the anticholinesterase activities essential oils of the needle and cones have a high activity. The results of high antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity results indicated that the Maritime Pine that grows in the Bartın region can be used for medicine and pharmacy and may be subject to scientific researches in these fields.