Determination of socio-economic landscape of a space: A case study of Bilecik city

The subject of the study is the relationship between socio-economic development and landscape in Bilecik city. The research is designed in two parts and the first part ontologically assumes that the socio-economic development that constitutes the research subject is an objective reality; what is socio-economic development due to the objectiveist assumption of positivism epistemologically and the factors affecting it and how it differs spatially in the field of research; In the methodological sense, it focuses on measuring socio-economic development by using quantitative research techniques within the experimental methodology of positivism. The second part, ontologically, assumes that the landscape is not an objective reality, that the researcher or observer creates and makes sense of reality. It accepts knowledge as subjective, not objective. In this context, how the urban geographic appearance was created in terms of socio-economic development differences in the context of the value-dependent assumption of the understanding approach; In the methodological sense, it focuses on understanding the relationship between geographic appearance and socio-economic development by using qualitative research techniques within the dialectical methodology of the comprehension approach. The study was designed using a mixed research design. In order to measure socio-economic development, a socio-economic development conceptualization consisting of economic, social and subjective dimensions was made and a new measurement tool was developed in this direction. Observation was used as a data collection tool for the analysis landscape and the obtained data were analyzed by using grounden theory. The socio-economic development varies according to regions. While the most developed regions were concentrated in the north of the city, it was determined that the development levels of the southern regions were lower. A new theory has been developed on the relationship between socio-economic development differences and landscape. Accordingly, socio-economic development differences create seven different characteristics on the landscape. These are as follows: Space and daily life are related to gender. Men are much more visible in developed regions, while women are more visible in less developed regions. Social networks are stronger in underdeveloped areas and weaker in developed regions. Agricultural activities continue in urban areas in underdeveloped regions and such activities are less common in developed regions. Lack of infrastructure in developed regions is not a remarkable problem, whereas in underdeveloped regions there is a significant lack of infrastructure. In areas with low levels of development, dwellings are very old and outdated, while in developed regions dwellings are more qualified. Developed regions create negative emotions in people while underdeveloped regions create positive emotions in people. Finally, slope is higher in underdeveloped areas than in developed areas.