Investigation of the production, characterization and adsorption studies of biocosite preparing hidrotermal management in a vegetable attachment

The basis of this master's study is to produce biochar by hydrothermal method as a new alternative to traditional carbonization method, from pepper stalk waste, and the removal of heavy metal and pharmacological agents from biochar and aqueous solution produced. For this purpose, the pepper stalk, which is easy to provide with high waste value, was chosen as the raw material in the preparation of the new type of porous hydrocarbon. Physicochemical characterization of the hydrocarbon obtained by optimizing the production conditions has been realized. To determine the suitability of the selected pepper stalk for hydrocarbon preparation, proximate and ultimate analyzes were performed. The lead(II) and diclofenac sodium salt were used as adsorbed to test the adsorption capacity of the prepared hydrocarbon from the aqueous solution. The effects of various parameters such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbent initial concentration and balance duration, ionic intensity (salt) and temperature effects were investigated in order to optimize removal efficiencies. Kinetic and isotherm studies were performed under the determined optimum adsorption conditions. Kinetic data obtained as a result of the studies, pseudo-first degree, pseudo-second degree, particle diffusion kinetic models were calculated by evaluating the parameters of the model. In the adsorption of lead(II) and diclofenac sodium salt with pepper stalk hydrocarbon charcoal in both studies, it was determined that the adsorption rate was controlled by film diffusion together with in-particle diffusion. Pb(II) and DCF adsorption isotherm curves were drawn using Freundlich, Langmuir, adsorption isotherms and adsorption parameters were calculated from these isotherms. The equilibrium isotherms were best defined by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The maximum adsorption capacity was 99.01 mg/g for diclofenac sodium salt at 318 K, and at 318 K for lead(II), 94.34 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔHº, ΔSº, ΔGº) were calculated. The positive enthalpy value (ΔHº) indicates that the adsorption process is endothermic, the negative Gibbs free energy value (ΔGº) adsorption process occurs spontaneously, and the negative entropy value (ΔSº) indicates the increase in randomness on the solution-adsorbent interface. In addition, desorption with desorbents was studied in order to investigate the reusability of hydrocarbon. According to the results, it was seen that the prepared hydrocarbon could be used as a low cost and sustainable sorbent for the removal of lead(II) and diclofenac sodium from aqueous solutions.