Determination of the some properties bioparticle filled phb biocomposites

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a thermoplastic biopolymer and brittleness of the structure has one of the worst disadvantages as compare with other polymer such as polypropylene, polyethylene, etc. In this study, biocomposites from PHB and some bio-fillers such lignin, alpha cellulose and cellulose nanofibril were prepared to investigate the effect of the bio-fillers on the properties of PHB with solvent casting. The thermal (TGA-DTG, DTA and DSC), morphological (SEM), and structural (XRD and FTIR) properties of the biocomposites were investigated. TGA curves showed that the highest values for T%10, T%50 of the biocomposites were at 278.2°C for PHB+2% AC and at 291.7°C for PHB+2%CNF, however the best value for T%75 were found as 381.5°C for PHB+2%L. According to DTG curves, the best results were determined to PHB+ 0.5%L and PHB+0.5%CNF. DTA curves showed an increase in temperature of maximum degradation (Td) with loading of Lignin and CNF. DSC results showed that the addition of bio-fillers increasedcrystallization temperature (Tc) and melting temperature (Tm) for both first cooling/heating and second cooling/heating. Tc and Tm values for first cooling/healing were found to be lower as compare with second cooling / healing. Furthermore, the addition of bio-fillers acts as a nucleating agent in PHB and SEM pictures showed to be the porous structure in all biocomposites. SEM clearly reveal uniform distribution of the reinforcing particles at low loading levels (0.5 wt %) in the polymer,while higher loadings (2 wt%) of L and CNF contributed to easy aggregation within the matrix. In XRD analysis, the patterns were found at 21.6° for L, 19.15° and 21.87° for AC, and 14.93°, 22.59°, and 34.50° for CNFs. The XRD patterns of PHB in the range 5°–55° show 6 main peaks (centered at 2θ = 13.57°, 16.87°, 22.1°, 25.6°, 27.2°, and 36.7°attributed to the 020, 110, 021, 111, 121, 040, and 002 planes). XRD patterns of the PHB biocomposites were determined as 3 main peaks in 13.57°, 16.87°, and 22.1°, and the other patterns were disappeared.