Determination of the spatial and temporal dynamics of microplastics in the Borçka dam lake

This thesis investigates the spatial and seasonal distribution of microplastic pollution in Borçka Dam Lake. The study covers the winter of 2023 and the spring, summer, and autumn of 2024. The water and sediment samples were collected from six stations representing different zones of the reservoir. The analysis of samples for morphology, size, and polymer composition offered an integrated understanding of the pollution level and its possible ecological impacts. The results indicated that the majority of microplastics were in fiber form (65.9%), followed by fragments (34.1%). The dominance of fibers was mainly associated with textile effluents and fishing activities, while fragments were largely linked to the degradation of larger plastic materials. Polymer analysis revealed that PETG and PAN posed significant ecological risks, being classified in the high hazard category, whereas polymers such as PP and PA were categorized at lower risk levels. In terms of color distribution, black and blue microplastics were predominant, suggesting a strong connection with fishing nets, ropes, and textile materials, while transparent/white particles were mostly derived from packaging and single-use plastics. Microplastics were found to accumulate markedly in both water and sediment of Borçka Dam Lake, with evident seasonal fluctuations that threaten ecosystem stability. The study contributes a foundation for pollution management and calls for further research on ecological risks, pollutant dynamics, and human health implications.