Prevention of fake news on the internet in various legal systems

This study examines the concept of fake news from a legal perspective. With the increase in disinformative posts due to the widespread use of social media platforms, fake news, which is a serious threat element, has emerged, ranging from violations of individuals' rights and interests to social crises. The presidential elections in the United States of America in 2016, as well as important social events in different countries around the world, have shown that these news have serious negative effects on individuals and society. Therefore, it is imperative that the problem of fake news should be subject to regulations in order to protect fundamental rights and freedoms and to prevent the deterioration of public order. The researches conducted in the European Union and the legislation of different countries show that the definition of fake news should be considered as a separate problem in the first place. For this reason, this study examines the legal nature of fake news and the types encountered so far. In addition, new generation disinformation techniques are examined and the issues that are considered to be the subject of legal regulations are discussed. Existing regulations in Turkey are examined in detail, the norms within the framework of which norms are fought on legal grounds and the effectiveness of these norms are investigated, and the effectiveness of norms are debated over actual examples. Cases in comparative law have been analyzed, and the approaches of different legal systems to the issue and examples of regulations have been observed, and in this context, conclusions have been drawn on how the existing regulations in Turkey can be improved. As a result, it is concluded that new rules should be established for social network providers and over-the-network service providers. Until new regulations are in place, it is also concluded that the rules for social network providers and over-the-network service providers should be used effectively and the issue should not be left to the initiative of the platforms, and necessary measures should be taken urgently to ensure an environment where freedom of thought and expression can be established in a healthy manner.