Gold and silver nanoparticles from plant extracts of Asphodelus (Asphodelus aestivus) and gundelia (Gundelia tournefortii) biosynthesis, in-vitro cytotoxicity and evaluation of the effects on HUVEC cell

Researches on nano-structured materials (<100 nm) are increasing rapidly in the direction of technological developments. The development of biosynthesis method in the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has become an important branch of nanotechnology. This is due to the potential application of NPs in many areas, including biomedical and pharmacology. For example, the unique characteristics of NPs and their biological effects indicate that they are potentially to be used as an alternative for treatment of various diseases. Among the metal-based NPs, especially Gold (Au) and Silver (Ag) became one of the fastest growing product categories in the nanotechnology industry and became the top materials in commercialization. Therefore, there has been an increase in the studies on the biosynthesis of NPs in recent years. In this study, it was aimed to obtain AuNPs and AgNPs by determining the toxic effects of these NPs by using biosynthesis method by using extracts (Asphodelus aestivus) and kenger (Gundelia tournefortii) plant extracts. For the characterization of the NPs obtained, the formation of nanoscale particles was confirmed by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-GB). Morphology, size and size distributions of the synthesized AuNPs and AgNPs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and permeable electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The functional structure of the photochemicals responsible for the reduction of the particle by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and the crystal structure were determined by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The hydrodynamic diameters of NPs in the liquid medium were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis and surface loads were determined by the zeta potential. To determine the cytotoxic effect of both NPs, they were evaluated by performing 3- [4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-dipHenyltetrazoluim bromide (MTT) analyzes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). As a result, AuNPs and AgNPs from both plant extracts were found to be suitable for the biosynthesis method. However, they have cytotoxic effects on HUVEC cell in parallel with the concentration and duration increase of both AuNPs and AgNPs obtained.