Cuneiform

Since the beginning of humanity, they have expressed themselves by mutually agreeing with various forms of communication when they need to continue their lives. These people expressed themselves by mutually agreeing on various forms of communication when they needed. The most effective form of this communication is the ability to speak, which distinguishes humans from other living things. These primitive people communicated by drawing pictures on cave walls or rocks in their shelters. They took the first step of their writing adventure with cave paintings. Over time, the needs of human communities that settled down, established states, and socialized have increased. The interacting community created writing by transforming sounds into symbols and shapes, with confusion occurring. In this way, people's traditions, cultures and experiences are transferred to future generations, ensuring their permanence and provability. Writing is a great discovery in world history. Although there was life before writing, history started with writing. Thus, the periods that humanity has gone through are divided into two parts: prehistoric and historical periods. Sumerians, the inventors of writing, the greatest discovery in the world, discovered writing in the city of Uruk in Southern Mesopotamia in the 5th millennium BC. The Sumerians, whose origins are not known exactly, came to Mesopotamia and settled. They developed Mesopotamia and turned it into city-states ruled by kingdoms. For the Sumerians, who had a theocratic form of government, the gods were the absolute rulers of the earth. Kings are religious and administrative directors chosen by the gods. The main sources of income are agriculture, animal husbandry and trade. The goods and products produced by the people were collected in the temple and palace. The needs of the palace were met and the remaining products were distributed to the public. The goods and products collected in the temples were in confusion as to who brought what and how much was given to whom. For this reason, these goods and products were recorded by temple officials by keeping lists in the form of symbols. With the increase in the variety and quantity of products, symbols have been replaced by different types of pictorial lines. Thus, cuneiform writing was born. This study will focus on the emergence of cuneiform, its analysis and the languages in which it is applied.