In Turkey and EU countries during the COVID-19 pandemic process evaluation of the fiscal measures taken

The Covid-19 pandemic, which is rapidly spreading around the world, has brought about a health crisis that has effects in many aspects. The emergencies brought by the pandemic and the measures taken have affected not only the health sector, but also the economy and social relations. The COVID-19 pandemic, apart from being just a health crisis, has created a crisis that deeply affects the global economy and social order. In this case, taking fiscal measures is of critical importance in minimizing the economic effects of the pandemic and increasing the resilience of societies. The closure of businesses, the increase in the unemployment rate, the health sector's need for resources and the uncertainty situation necessitated the implementation of fiscal measures. Fiscal measures have been implemented to protect the sustainability of businesses, combat unemployment and provide the necessary resources to the health sector. In addition, the fiscal measures implemented not only alleviate the effects of the pandemic, but also set an example for similar crisis periods in the future. This thesis study focuses on examining and evaluating the financial measures taken in 2020-2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic process in terms of European Union countries and Türkiye. In this regard, firstly, the concept of fiscal policy, its tools, objectives, importance and fiscal policy in periods of economic insability are given. Then, COVID-19 is defined, the measures taken to combat this virus are explained, and the global effects of the virus are mentioned. Finally, the fiscal measures taken in the European Union countries and Türkiye are explained and measures taken are compared in terms of tax measures and expenditures. In the last part, the fiscal measures taken by the countries included in the study are evaluated on a country specific basis. The study is created using the descriptive method. As a result of study, it has been found that developed EU countries implement wide-ranging and scaled fiscal measures.