Crossing the frontier: Characteristics and conditions of Afghan irregular migration at the Iranian-Turkish border

In exploring the irregular journey of Afghan migrants through Iran to Türkiye, this thesis delves into the narratives shaped by political upheavals and economic restrictions in their homeland. Forced displacement due to political disruption has compelled millions of Afghans to seek refuge beyond their borders. The research examines the intricate factors influencing this irregular journey, seeking to deepen our understanding of the migration experiences endured by Afghans as they make their way to Türkiye. A detailed analysis is provided, shedding light on the multifaceted motivations of Afghan migration and the nuanced influences guiding their decision-making process. The focus remains on the challenging journey through Iran, revealing the challenges faced by Afghan migrants along this dangerous path. Utilizing a comprehensive methodology, the study combines primary data from in-depth interviews with Afghan asylum seekers in Türkiye and secondary data sources helping to address the research questions of the thesis. The primary research questions guiding this thesis include: ● What are the difficulties and challenges faced by Afghan migrants during their journey to Türkiye? ● What are the primary motivations and push/pull factors influencing Afghan migrants to embark on the irregular journey to Turkey through Iran? ● What are the common routes taken by Afghan irregular migrants through Iran to reach Turkey, and what are the key dynamics and risks associated with these routes? Key findings reveal that Afghan migrants face numerous challenges, including harsh weather conditions, physical exhaustion, threats from human smugglers, and the constant risk of detention and deportation. The motivations driving these migrants are multifaceted, encompassing a mix of push factors such as ongoing violence, political instability, and economic hardship in Afghanistan, and pull factors like perceived safety, better economic opportunities, and a more stable socio-political environment in Türkiye. The study maps out the common routes taken by these migrants, highlighting the treacherous terrain and significant risks involved, including encounters with border security forces and reliance on dangerous smuggling networks. Emphasizing both the push and pull factors in the origin and destination countries, the thesis contributes to a nuanced comprehension of the motivations driving Afghan immigration to Türkiye. Unfortunately, legal migration constraints have compelled many Afghans to resort to illegal methods, including smuggling networks and illegal border crossings. This research not only adds depth to academic discourse but also serves as a testament to the resilience and determination of those seeking a safer and more promising future. In summary, 'Every migration is a story,' is exemplified in this thesis which unfolds the narratives of Afghan migrants offering valuable insights into their challenges, aspirations, and the complex web of factors influencing their migration decision.