Two-dimensional CFD analysis of the effect of theoretically created intriguments-protrusions around submarine torpido type cross-sections on flow resistance

Flow resistance is a factor occurring at the interface between the marine vehicle's surface and the fluid, restricting the vehicle's movement and reducing its speed. To mitigate flow resistance, the drag coefficients of six different planar models, similar in cross-sectional form to a submarine torpedo, were calculated using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), and the resulting velocity and flow streamlines were compared with flow visualization experiments. Due to its similarity to the submarine torpedo's cross-section and its lowest drag coefficient among the models, six different biomimetic indentations and protrusions were theoretically placed on Model-A, and their flow resistance coefficients were calculated via CFD analysis. This study found that for Reynolds numbers below 10,000 and above 180,000, biomimetic structures were insufficient in reducing the total drag force. However, at various Reynolds numbers, Models A3 and A5 achieved a 10% reduction in drag coefficient, identifying them as the most suitable biomimetic designs.