Investigation of the climate change and meteorological drought in coastline of eastern black sea region

In this study, to understand the climate change and meteorological drought in coastline of the Eastern Black Sea Region, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and pressure data from eight meteorological observation stations located in the provinces of Giresun, Trabzon, Rize, and Artvin are used. The Mann-Kendall, Spearman rho tests, and the Innovative Şen Method were used for the trend analysis. In terms of total precipitation, increasing trends were observed annually at Giresun and Hopa stations, whereas other stations either showed decreasing trends or did not exhibit trends exceeding critical thresholds. A noteworthy detail regarding precipitation values was the monthly irregularities observed across all stations. It was determined that meteorological drought has significantly increased, especially over the past decade, at most stations. Therefore, ERA5 reanalysis data derived from ECMWF satellite measurements were utilized to expand the dataset. Satellite data included sea surface temperatures, evaporation rates, and precipitable water amounts. It was observed that sea surface temperatures have increased significantly on both monthly and annual scales, and changes in evaporation rates and precipitable water amounts were examined. When variations at different stations and over different periods were analyzed, it was found that climate change could produce diverse outcomes in the region.