İslam hukukunda infak ve ekonomik sonuçları - Jurisprudence of expenditure and its economic impact

The title of this thesis is 'Jurisprudence of Expenditure and its Economic Impact'. I have demonstrated the principles of this study and edited its topics and objectives by illustrating its main research works as follows. I introduced the study by explaining the meaning of 'expenditure' linguistically and idiomatically, and then explained the Sharia evidences from the holy Quran and Sunnah in details, then explained the sections of expenditure in the Islamic economy; explaining its important role in society and how it surpasses positive systems. This section has also tackled the state expenditure and its compatibility with the Islamic methodology. I have followed that with a detailed presentation of the eight categories related to expenditure which is the foundation of my study in this thesis to give an integrated and extensive picture of this topic. This representation was reflected in explaining the eight-spending expenditure, its categories, regulations and benefits. In the categorization part, this study shows that Zakat (alms) is the main income of the Islamic economic system. If we look at the spending that the holy Quran stipulated, we find it explaining social features of Zakat obviously, in addition to the moral and humanitarian goals which this blessed duty, Zakat, can provide. It transcends as the goal does. I have explained its economic impacts in a separate section where I showed the impact that can leave upon both, the state and the society. To explain the foundations of the study and to be prepared to apply them on the ground and processing its topics, I have introduced a detailed presentation of the public expenditure rules in the Islamic economy. The study highlighted three methods, the first of which explains prioritizing of spending expenditure, taking into consideration, the priority in Islam. Secondly, explaining the financial balance in maintaining economical balance with an explanation of the Islamic methods due to the fact that the lack of balance leads to a defect in the financial economic system of the state. The third method was to motivate achieving justice in expenditure on the central, regional and the individual level because justice and balance achieve comfort, where justice is an integral part in achieving economic balance among individuals of the society. It should not be concealed that expenditure policy has a prominent impact upon Islamic economic system, the state and the society. So, I explained the financial policy tools and the concept of the financial policies in depth. The study has showed and approved the rules that govern the expenditure policy and its impact on the individual and the society as well. It was a must to tackle the explanation of its economic impacts and the role of the state in all those aspects. So, the expenditure impact on production, investment and consumption was also explained in addition to its influential impact on sources allocation plan, the distribution of the national and individual income.