Application and development of the multidimensional voice behaviors scale in nurses

This study was conducted using a methodological and descriptive design to apply and develop a multidimensional voice behaviors scale in nurses. A pool of items consisting of three sections; nurses' voice behaviors topics scale (NVBTS), nurses' voice behaviors methods scale (NVBMS) and nurses' voice behaviors negative outcomes scale (NVBOS) was created by the researchers. The draft was reviewed by 13 experts and piloted with 79 nurses. The content validity ratios ranged between 0,69 and 1,00, while the content validity indices ranged between 0,89 and 0,96. Data for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were collected through face-to-face administration from 458 nurses working in one public, two university, and two private hospitals; data for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were obtained from 432 nurses reached online. All analyses indicated that the item–total score correlations were above 0,30. The NVBTS consisted of 30 items and five subdimensions, the NVBMS of 12 items and three subdimensions, and the NVBOS of 10 items and one dimension. The factor loadings of the items were above 0,30, and the fit indices were within acceptable limits. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0,84 to 0,96, indicating high internal consistency. Test–retest analysis results were statistically significant (p>0,05), and the scales demonstrated good discriminant validity. Additionally, positive correlations were found among the subdimensions of the scales, and the mean total scores of nurses ranged between X=1,99±0,91 and X=3,47±0,73. In conclusion, the developed Multidimensional Voice Behaviors Scale in Nurses was found to be a valid and reliable tool for measuring nurses' voice behaviors.