Development of 3-dimensional (3B) solid speed models made using hydroxyapatite powder (HAp) doded polylactic-acid composite filaments

In this thesis, hydroxyapatite powders (HAp) were produced using the calcination method. Poly-lactic acid (PLA) composite filaments with 10 % HAp by weight were produced in a twin screw extruder. In order to examine the effect of another material on PLA+HAp composites, 3 % by weight thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) material was used. 3-dimensional (3D) mechanical test specimens were produced by the additive manufacturing method. PLA+HAp strengths decreased by 66,7 % and 22,5 % in tensile and compression tests, respectively, compared to PLA and PLA+HAp+TPE strengths showed an increase of 29,2 % and 12,5 % in tensile and compression tests, respectively, compared to PLA+HAp. In addition, TPE improved the thermal and physical properties of the composite samples. Gyroid, Schwarz Primitive, Schwarz Diamond and 3D Hex were used among the Triple Periodic Minimal Surface (UPMY) patterns to imitate the spongy structure in the bone 15 %, 20 % and 25 % fill rates were applied for each pattern. These models manufactured with HAP+PLA+TPE. Compression and pull-out tests were applied to the ÜPMY models. Gyroid pattern with 25 % fill rate revealed the highest mechanical results. For this reason, 3D vertebrae models were produced in Gyroid pattern at 25% occupancy. Pedicle screwing was performed successfully on 3D vertebral models and Computer Tomography images of these models were taken.