Investigation of anatomical changes and tolerance mechanisms induced by +II and +III value metal ions in Vicia faba L.

In this study, anatomical damages induced by different heavy metal ions in Vicia faba L. root tip cells were investigated. The anatomical changes in the groups treated with 5 ppm ZnSO4, 5 ppm PbCI2, 5 ppm Cr (NO3)3 and 5 ppm AlCl3 were compared with the control group and toxic effects were determined. While no damage was observed at the microscopic level in the meristematic cells of the root tip cells of the control group, in the groups treated with Zn, Pb, Cr and Al metal ions epidermis cell deformation, thickening of the cortex cell wall, substance accumulation in cortex cells, micronucleus, non-obvious conduction tissue and flattened cell nuclei were determined. It was observed that the heavy metal causing the highest level of anatomical damage was Pb and the toxicity order of the tested metals was found to be Pb> Al> Cr> Zn. The type and amount of heavy metal contaminated to the environment, the severity of its toxic effect and the toxicity mechanism are very important in terms of the development and viability of plants, and many studies on this subject will make a significant contribution to the literature.