Implementation and Performance Analysis of Black Hole Attacks on AODV in MANETs

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructureless network which consists of different number of mobile nodes that are active to establish a temporary network for the transmission of data from source to destination. MANETs are extensively used, but security issues have become one of the main concerns in networking environment. Black hole attack is one of the majority threats in network security. Black hole utilizes the routing protocol to declare itself of having the shortest path to the destination node, and drops the routing packets meant for the destination node, instead of forwarding this packet to its appropriate neighbors. In this thesis, we attempt to investigate the existing work about the black hole attacks in MANETs with Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. For the purpose of study, firstly original AODV protocol with one and two black holes is implemented in Network Simulator version 2 (NS-2). Then a modified AODV protocol as a simple solution to the black hole attacks is implemented with one back hole. Simulations are performed on the basis of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and End-to-End Delay (EED) and the effect is analyzed for the original and modified AODV after adding the black hole nodes in the network. The simulation results show that PDR drops from 98.31% to 19.30% and 8.77% with one and two black holes respectively. However, by the use of modified AODV protocol PDR is achieved as 39.19%. The results also show that there is a marginal increase in the EED when black holes are included in the original AODV. By the use of modified AODV, EED is dropped from 0.28 ms to 0.12 ms. Keywords: MANET, AODV, Black Hole, Packet Delivery Ratio, End-to-End Delay