Comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women with isolated polyhydramnios

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the fetal and maternal outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women with isolated polyhydramnios in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. Materials/Patients and Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, the fetal and maternal outcomes of diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women who were diagnosed with isolated polyhydramnios in the 2nd or 3rd trimester among patients admitted to Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between January 2015 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed from archival files and electronic record system. Patients were compared in terms of age, gravida, parity, mode of delivery, ındication for delivery, birth weight, apgar scores, Neonatal İntensive Care Unit, need for blood transfusion and hypogastric artery ligation. Pregnant women under 20 and over 45 years of age, fetal structural and chromosomal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, placental anomalies or ınvasion anomalies, cases complicated with hydrops fetalis and cases resulting in stillbirth were excluded from the study. The findings obtained from the study were evaluated and IBM SPSS Statistics 25 (IBM SPSS, Turkey) program was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.11±5.67 years, mean gestational age was 3.06±1.86, mean parity was 1.51±1.29 and mean gestational age was 36.96±2.29. Of the participants, 70% were non-diabetic, 30% were diabetic, 35% had an AFD indication, 25% had a Weighted MNC CS indication, 12% had a CPD indication, 12% had a MALPREZENTASYON indication and 16% had other indications. 69% of the participants gave birth to a child weighing less than 3,500 grams, 31% gave birth to a child weighing more than 3,500 grams. While 15% of the participants had an APGAR below 7, 85% had an APGAR of 7 and above. Of the babies delivered, 18% stayed in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit because of prematurity, 16% stayed in the NICU due to respiratory distress, 19% stayed in the NICU for other reasons, and 47% did not stay in the NICU. Mild TEC was present in 87% of the participants and moderate TEC was present in 13%. 81% of the participants had no blood transfusion, 19% had blood transfusion. 99% of participants did not have a hypogastric artery ligature and 1% had this hypogastric artery ligature at birth. The age of diabetics (x ̅:32.33±5.33) was higher vi than that of non-diabetics (x ̅:29.16±5.58). The duration of the birth week (x ̅:37.24±2.31) of nondiabetics was higher than that of diabetics (x ̅:36.30±2.15). AFD was the indication for labor in 44.3% of non-diabetic women and Painful MNC CS was the indication for labor in 33.3% of diabetic women. 75.7% of non-diabetics delivered a child weighing less than 3,500 grams and 24.3% delivered a child weighing more than 3,500 grams, 53.3% of diabetics delivered a child weighing less than 3,500 grams and 46.7% delivered a child weighing more than 3,500 grams. Discussion and Conclusion: As soon as polyhydramnios is detected, patients should be investigated for etiology. As we know, tight blood sugar control in diabetic pregnancies is important for fetal and maternal prognosis. In our study, when comparing fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnant women with isolated polyhydramnios who were not diabetic, with the diabetic group, the inter-parameter evaluations were found to be close. The follow-up should be close and careful in the pregnant group with non-diabetic isolated polyhydramnios, as well as the pregnant women with a diagnosis of diabetes whom we follow closely due to polyhydramnios. Appropriate management of polyhydramnios and etiologic factors causing polyhydramnios is important for maternal and fetal complications. Keywords: perinatal outcomes, maternal and fetal complications.