Examination of the studies on the digitization of cadastral maps: The case of Konya-Beyşehir-Avdancık

The data obtained from cadastral works, which aim to determine the geometric structures, locations, areas, and the rights and obligations over immovable properties, have been carried out in Turkey over nearly a century through various laws, different measurement methods, and diverse surveying instruments. During the cadastral works, which have been completed across the country except for some areas due to security concerns, boundary disputes, or reluctance towards cadastre, errors inevitably occurred, and the produced data did not fully comply with production standards. Moreover, the cadastral maps produced have, over time, deteriorated, become insufficient due to technical reasons, lost their up-to-dateness, caused discrepancies between the map and the land, and failed to serve as a foundation for the spatial information system. To address these problems, digitization studies — a series of operations involving the digitization of analog cadastral maps produced on various bases — are carried out under the scope of Article 1 (Additional) of the Cadastre Law No. 3402 and the related 'Regulation on the Digitization of Cadastral Maps.' The digitization process is particularly important for the development of geographic information system (GIS) infrastructures and for enabling more effective use of spatial data. However, cadastral maps produced at different scales, accuracies, coordinate systems, and bases cause various problems and difficulties during digitization efforts. Especially in the integration of older maps into modern systems, several challenges arise. In this study, the digitization efforts carried out by the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre of Turkey under Article 3402 (Additional-1) are examined. Within this scope, the digitization studies conducted in Avdancık Neighborhood, Beyşehir District, Konya Province were analyzed. The study investigated the correction of errors caused by boundary marking, measurement, plotting, and calculations encountered during the digitization of areas measured using prismatic and tacheometric methods, along with improvements and transformation activities. Additionally, the LIDAR measurement technique was utilized in the study area.