Evaluation of TOKİ applications i̇n urban fringe i̇n terms of planning norms: Trabzon case

In our country, the public and private sectors have produced housing for the lower and middle income groups, which are most affected by the housing problem, by using various methods in different periods. In this context, Mass Housing Administration was established in 1984. By taking over the powers of the Land Office in 2004, this institution had the opportunity to use the lands belonging to the treasury free of charge and started to invest in rural lands located in unplanned areas in the urban peripheries for the lower and middle income groups who have problems in obtaining housing in the cities. This situation has led to the emergence of settlements on the urban peripheries, which have developed far from the integrity of the plan and cannot benefit from urban services adequately. The aim of this study is to evaluate the mass housing developments for the low-and middle-income groups in terms of access to urban services and public transportation vehicles, and the affordability of the houses. A literature review was conducted for the purpose of the study, and data were collected by conducting surveys and interviews in the study areas in 2018 and 2024. With the survey and interview data, the study area was evaluated within the scope of the Spatial Plans Production Regulation and planning norms, the economic accessibility of housing was examined in line with proportional and location-based accessibility approaches, and the accessibility levels of public transport vehicles were determined within the scope of transport time and frequency of trips. As a result of the study, the site selection decisions of mass housing areas developed in the city peripheries were evaluated within the scope of accessibility to urban services, accessibility to housing and transport facilities.