Probing neutrino electromagnetic properties through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering

Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEνNS) is a theoretically well-predicted Standard Model (SM) process. and has opened a new window into physics beyond the SM at low energies. In this work, we examine the electromagnetic properties of the neutrino via CEνNS, which provides powerful tools for investigating beyond-SM physics. These properties include neutrino magnetic moment, neutrino millicharge and neutrino charge radius, which can have significant effects on astrophysical environments and the evolution of the universe. The observation of a nonzero value of neutrino electromagnetic properties and the improvement of these observations may be an important signature of beyond-SM physics and may also determine the Majorana or Dirac nature of neutrinos. In this context, we present analytical expressions of the CEνNS process and calculate contributions of the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos to this process. Analyzing data from the current CDEX-10 experiment, a KM direct detection experiment, we derive upper limit values on the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos. Finally, we discuss the current experimental limits on the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos.