Determination of polyoses in wood and kraft pulp of Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.)

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.), taken from the province of Bartın -Topluca village, Turkey, was used as wood species. Samples were taken from three different parts of a tree with one meter range (A:1,30 m, B:2,80 m, C:4,30 m). Also, kraft pulp was done from these samples. Main chemical components and polyoses of wood samples taken from three different points in the tree trunk and kraft pulp were analysed. Also, the cellulose amounts were determined through acid hydrolysis. The average amounts of holocellulose, α-cellulose, lignin and ash of Turkish red pine wood were found to be 72,9%, 46,5%, 25,9% and 0,1% relatively. Alcohol solubility was determined to be 2,3%, while hot water 4,3% and cold water 3,5%. When the different part of stem was analyzed, it was concluded that the amount of α-cellulose decreased towards to the upper parts while lignin increased as the vice-versa in a tree. The highest α-cellulose was determined in part A with 47,0% and lignin in part C with 26,6%. Holocellulose and lignin values of Turkish red pine kraft pulp were 94,8% and 5,7% relatively. Like in the wood, the highest lignin value was found to be in C part of pulp. D(-)-Arabinose, L(+)-Rhamnose, D(+)-Xylose, D(+)-Mannose, D(+)-Galaktose, D(+)- Glucose, D-Glucuronic acid, D(+)-Galacturonic acid and 4-O-Methyl Glucuronic acid sugar units were determined through methanolysis. The most important sugar units were mannose with 104,8 mg/g and xylose with 68,1 mg/g. The highest total amount of polyoses in the unextracted wood samples were determined to be 299,0 mg/g in the C part whereas the lowest in A part (234,5 mg/g). In the extracted wood, total amount of polyoses were found to be 294,7 mg/g in C part and 293,5 mg/g in B. It was found that there is a linear increase in the polyoses between the distances from bottom to upper parts in the unextracted wood samples. However, there is no significant difference in the extracted wood between the distances. A constant situation was observed. In the kraft pulp, the highest amount of total polyoses was in part C with 140,2 mg/g. During the cooking with the effect of high temperature, uronic acid groups were leached totally. In order to determine the amounts of cellulose, acid hydrolysis was applied to both wood and kraft pulp. The highest amount of cellulose was determined to be 660,9 mg/g in the C part of kraft pulp whereas the lowest value was obtained (285,8 mg/g) in the C part of unextracted wood. Key Words: Polyoz, extraction, methanolysis, acid hydrolysis, sugar units, carbohydrates, monosaccharides.