Russia, according to the Petersburg Letters (1897-1899) in the Malumat newspaper

In this thesis, Russia and international diplomacy in the 19th century were evaluated within the framework of the Petersburg Letters that Cihangir Andican published in the Malumat Newspaper between 1897-1899. Fifty of the St. Petersburg Letters were translated and within the framework of these letters, Cihangir Andican's perspective on Russia and international diplomacy was tried to be evaluated. The subjects of Cihangir Andican's Petersburg Letters published periodically in Malumat Newspaper have varied. For this reason, the subject was limited and the cultural elements of Russia, the Muslims of Russia, the struggle of France and England over the Fashoda region in Africa, the Franco-Russian Alliance and the England-Russia Relations over India were examined within the framework of the Petersburg Letters. In the first chapter, the establishment of Petersburg, its climate and social life in Petersburg, the bread-salt culture, the use of samovar in Russians, the consumption of tea and alcohol, the baths in Russia, the ceremonies in Russia, the education in Scandinavia and the Dreyfus Issue were tried to be evaluated within the framework of Petersburg Letters. In the second chapter, the Russianise policy of the Russian government against Muslims, the cultural developments of the Muslims of Russia in the 19th century and the social and cultural life of the Muslims of Russia are mentioned. In the third chapter, the visit of the French President Monsieur Feliks For to Russia in 1897 and the France-Russian alliance were mentioned, the Fashoda crisis between France and England and the reflections of this crisis on the France-Russia alliance were evaluated. In addition, Russia's occupation of Turkestan and Britain's relations with Russia, which it saw as a threat to the Indian colony, were tried to be evaluated within the framework of the Petersburg Letters. The France-Russia alliance that Cihangir Andican mentions is an alliance formed agains the Triple Alliance formed under the leadership of Germany. The Fashoda issue also reveals the colonial rivalry in Europe at the end of the 19th century. As a result, Cihangir Andican drew attention to the blocs and interstate struggles in Europe in the 19th century by referring to the alliances that started to be formed in the process leading up to the First World War and the colonial rivalry that started to increase at the end of the 19th century. Keywords: Cihangir Andican, Russia, International Diplomacy, Muslims of Russia, Culture