Changes in some antioxidant and detoxification enzyme activities in Gammarus pulex exposed to metil orange textile dye

Textile dyes are largely used in the World today and textile industry plays an important role in nation's economy. Dye pollutants from the dyestuff manufacturing, dyeing, printing and textile industries are major sources of environmental pollution. The effluents of these industries are usually strongly colored, and the direct release of the wastewater into receiving water body will provoke damage to aquatic life. The present study was undertaken to determine the toxicity of the methyl orange by using the changes of some antioxidant and detoxification enzyme activities in Gammarus pulex. A static test was used to determine the LC50 value. LC value of methyl orange (MO) was determined as 1737,3 ppm and then three subletal dose of MO (1/4; 1/8 and 1/16 of LC value) were exposured to G.pulex during 24 and 96 hours. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), cytochrome p450 (CYP1A1), Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by using ELISA kit. The CAT and CYP1A1 activities were decreased in all the groups exposed to different doses of MO. GST activity and GSH, MDA levels were increased all the groups exposed to different doses of MO. The GPX activities were changed in all the groups. It is observed that MO affected SOD activity in different levels and in different concentrations. In our study, it has been found that exposure duration didn't significantly affect the biochemical biomarkers except GST and GSH. In conclusion, alterations in antioxidant and detoxification enzymes and lipid peroxidation may potentially be used as sensitive biomarkers for risk assessment of dyes in the environment and may contribute to the establishment of discharge regulations.