Tunable, active band-stop filter design for penning-trap experiment frequency measurements

In this thesis statement, the production of adjustable active band-stopping filter design has been intended, which are to be used in Penning-Trap experiments at Max Planck Institute located in Germany with cut frequencies of 400 kHz, 500 kHz and 600 kHz. Bessel, Butterworth and Chebyshev band-stopping filter simulation outputs are compared to the planned frequency outputs; thus, Bainter Notch filter topology is chosen to be best applicable to those topologies. Since the simulation program components which are to be used are accepted to be ideal, the real components in the circuit design are chosen to be the closest to the simulation program and suitable passive and active circuit components with specifically regulated various cut frequencies are selected. In order to tune the Q quality factor to specify the quality of the filter as a variable, passive components such as suitable resistance and capacitors within the outputs in the filter simulations are selected as tuned and the op-amp and the filter circuit which is to operate closest to ideal has been printed with the Eagle program in hot printing technique; thus, variable filter designs having different quality factors as well as different cut frequencies has been obtained. In a single filter print circuit, the production of a band-stopping design specific to one cut frequency, which will output the best Q value and the narrow band interval has been decided to be more efficient rather than getting the best Q value for different cut frequencies. For the band-stopping designs asked specifically for the kHz order, band interval and frequency amplitude has been deduced to be linked to feedback resistance and proportionate to their given ratios which can be adjusted as variables. The research of filter designs on dependence to PCB production, the effect of capacitor ratios and opamp tension factors have been concluded to be vital for future studies.