Pv-zengin dağıtım şebekeleri için reaktif güç piyasası tasarımı

The increasing integration of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation sources into medium-voltage distribution networks offers significant opportunities for sustainable energy systems while introducing new technical and economic challenges. As PV generation meets local consumption, the active power drawn from the transmission network decreases, whereas reactive power demand persists; this situation increases the Q/P ratio at the High-Voltage/Medium-Voltage (HV/MV) connection point and imposes financial penalties on Distribution System Operators (DSO). Modern PV inverters can function as flexible reactive power sources owing to their dynamic P–Q capability curves. This thesis proposes a local market model for procuring reactive power as an ancillary service from PV inverters at the distribution level. The proposed model is structured in which the DSO serves as both the system operator and the market operator. The market-clearing problem is formulated as an optimal power flow problem with a 24-hour time horizon and hourly settlement periods. The model's original contributions include a sustainability threshold, a ±10% tolerance-band mechanism, and an Expected Payment Function comprising components for capacity, utilization, and opportunity cost. This conceptual framework reduces the penalty risk for DSOs, creates a new revenue stream for PV owners, and establishes the theoretical foundation for market-based reactive power management in networks with high PV penetration.