Physical transformation of the city center of Samsun (Nefs-i Samsun) (1839-1923)

This study aims to comprehensively investigate the impact of the transformation process following the 1839 Tanzimat reforms on the physical transformation of the city center of Samsun, examining both its causes and broader context. The study, concluding with the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, is structured into six main sections: General Information, Studies I and II, Findings and Evaluations, Conclusions, and Recommendations. The General Information section outlines the study's aim, scope, and methodology in the context of the dynamics influencing urban physical transformations. In Studies I, the historical background from the early settlements in Samsun up to the Republican period is examined, along with the city's condition prior to the Tanzimat reforms. Studies II, which forms the core of the research, investigates the physical transformation of Nefs-i Samsun between 1839 and 1923, segmented into six sub-periods defined by two critical turning points. In the Findings and Evaluations section, data from these six sub-periods are synchronously compared and layered, highlighting the reasons behind the physical transformation in the city center. The Conclusions section presents the general insights gained within the scope and objectives of the study.