Investigation of public buildings of Şanliurfa I. national architectural period in the context of architectural design elements

Architectural works are one of the most important sources of historical urban areas, historical structures created in different periods and life styles of past civilizations in cities such as Şanlıurfa, whose historical development dates back to the past years. The ways in which public and private spaces mutually create borders and intertwine that continuing to exist in the city, taking a place in the city memory, contributing to urban life, offer us the richness of urban life. Examining the structures that have survived from the time they were built gives us information about the cultural, social, economic and technological developments of the societies. Having a multinational state, the Ottoman Empire realized that it could no longer ignore the developments in the world at the end of the 19th century and turned to various searches. The nationalist tendencies that developed with the declarations of the Constitutional Monarchy began to show their effects in cultural, social, economic and architectural fields. In these periods, when Turkism was emphasized, the subject of modernizing Ottoman Architecture was handled, and an orientation loaded with elements and ornaments transferred from Seljuk and classical Ottoman structures was formed. The First National Architecture movement extends from the last period of Ottoman Architecture to the first years of the Republic between 1910-1930, especially showing its effect on official buildings. The architects of the period tried to create a new Turkish national style. They applied building and facade elements such as wide eaves, domes, protrusions, columns, muqarnas caps, pointed arches, tile coverings taken from Seljuk, Ottoman and Islamic architectures to the structures of the period. The theoretical framework of the study was formed as the structures of the First National Architecture period and the examination of the facades of these structures in the context of architectural design elements. In this context, the structures of the first national architectural period, which were built between the last periods of the Ottoman Empire and the newly established Republic of Turkey between 1910 and 1930, and which belonged to the architects who pioneered this period, were examined. The plan, facade and facade elements of these structures were examined in the context of architectural design elements and a classification of the period was made by revealing the similarities and differences between them. In the study, which was handled in the context of the theoretical framework created, the public buildings of the First National Architecture, which was built between 1900-1930 in the historical city center of Şanlıurfa, were determined as the subject. Five registered public buildings and facades of the Şanlıurfa First National Architecture period serving the school, orphanage, health institution or the public, located within, around and outside the urban site constitutes the original material of the study. In this direction, the aim, scope and method of the study have been revealed. The reviewed literature sources are discussed. Photogrometric examinations of the main facades of the determined Şanlıurfa First National Architecture period public buildings were made. Plan sketches and facade drawings were created digitally. As a result of the facade views of the floor plans obtained during the fieldwork, visual and facade analyzes of the registered public architectural examples were made, thus revealing the facade features. With this thesis, the public buildings of the Şanlıurfa National Architecture Period were examined in the context of architectural design elements. The findings obtained as a result of these examinations are evaluated and explained in the conclusion section. The thesis study has been completed in the hope that the architectural structures and facades examined can be preserved in the city scale and in the city memory.