The effects of the traditional Turkish arrows?s shape and surface roughness to the arrows speed manufactured from the scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Bow and arrow are the most ancient weaponry of the mankind in history and there are evidences that they have existed all over the globe since prehistoric times. Turkic people have used many species of trees for arrow construction. Most widely used tree species are Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Ida Mountain Fir (Abies equitrojani Aschers. et Sint.) and Oriental Beech (Fagus oriantalis Lipsky.). If it would not result in strength loss, species with low density wood is preferred to obtain lightweight structures in arrow shafts. High elasticity module supports increase of bending strength for arrow shaft which is already slender and fragile.Arrow lengths tend to vary between 60 cm and 80 cm while arrow masses range between 9 gr and 50 gr arrows could be classified by material but it would not be accurate because each part of arrow consisted by different material. As arrows shafts may be sorted as wooden and bamboo, arrow classes can be sorted as war, field, target, flight, and practice and contest arrows. Ottomans named arrow sections anthropologically. Arrow shaft is divided into 24 equal sections.First 4 sections from nock towards point named as head, the section where head ends is called neck, the 11. section is called belly, sections between neck and belly are called chest, sections between belly and 17. section are called calf, sections between calf and point are called foot. Turkish archers have great records in flight shooting. There is a record that measures 845.5 m and still is not beaten with similar equipment.Shape and smooth arrows are lathed and sandpapered. Surface roughness properties are investigated. 30 shapely and 30 smooth arrows are measured. Twelve measurements are measured on 3 direction. Shapely arrows give better results more than smooth arrows.