The effects of fungicide ridomyl on growth parameters and mitosis in onion ( Alli̇um cepa L. ) root tip cells

In this study, the physiological, cytogenetic and anatomic effects of different doses of Ridomyl Gold MZ 68 WG, a fungicide were investigated in Allium cepa L. Germination percentage, root length and weight gain as physiological parameters; micronucleus (MN), mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal abnormality frequency as cytogenetic parameters; damage to root tip meristematic cells are considered as anatomical parameters. In conclusion, it was determined that germination percentage, root length, weight gain and MI decreased, MN and chromosomal abnormalities increased in proportion to the increased dose of Ridomyl. Ridomyl application caused chromosomal damage in the form of fragments, sticky chromosomes, chromosomal bridges, unequal distribution of chromatin, c-mitosis, reverse polarity, and binucleated cells. In addition, Ridomyl administration has promoted anatomical damage in the form of flattened cell nuclei in root tip meristematic cells, nonspecific transmission tissue, cortex cell deformation, epidermis cell deformation, thickening of the cortex cell wall, and accumulation of certain substances in cortical cells. In conclusion, it is concluded that the application of Ridomyl causes toxicity due to dose in Allium cepa, and Allium cepa test has been shown to be a useful indicator for the detection of this toxicity.