The effect of sulfoxaflor on the development and some biochemical parameters of Galleria mellonella

The effects of different concentrations of Sulfoxaflor (0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 μg/100 g nutrient) on some enzyme activities, total hemocyte count, micronucleus formation, MDA levels and development in model organism Galleria mellonella larvae were investigated in the study. SOD, CAT, APX activity and MDA amount of G. mellonella larvae increased in all concentrations of the food containing Sulfoxaflor (0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1 µg/20 g of food). When the food contained 1 μg of Sulfoxaflor, GST activity was found to decrease significantly compared to both control and other concentrations. It was determined that PO activity decreased in all tested concentrations compared to the control. Due to the increase in the sulfoxaflor ratio, decreases in the amount of protein, carbohydrate and lipid were found out compared to the control. It was found out that the total number of hemocytes increased in the tested concentrations (0.01, 0.10, 0.25 µg), but decreased significantly in higher concentrations (0.50, 1.00 µg) compared to the control. Micronucleus formation increased significantly at high concentrations of 0.50 and 1.00 µg compared to control. Comet analysis determined that there was genotoxic damage. When all tested concentrations of Sulfoxaflor were compared with the control, G. mellonella adults were found out to reduce the total number of eggs laid, the number of urgent eggs and the percentage of urgent eggs. Depending on the Sulfoxaflor application, it was observed that the duration of larval development prolonged compared to the control group. In the same way, it was seen that the duration of pup and adult was prolonged. Our study clearly demonstrated the negative effects of Sulfoxaflor on the model organism G. mellonella.