Morphologic examination and computer aided design of forelimbs in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and buzzard (Buteo buteo)

Purpose: There has been no detailed study comparing the forelimb anatomy of the Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), which flies short distances by flapping its wings continuously, and the Buzzard (Buteo buteo), which migrates by soaring over long distances. The aim of this study was to investigate the forelimb anatomy of Pheasant and Buzzard and to establish a link between the findings obtained and flight characteristics. In order to increase the comprehensibility and visual enrichment of the study, three-dimensional bone and muscle models and flight animations of the two bird species were created. Material and Method: In this study, eight each of female Pheasants and Buzzards, total of sixteen adult birds were used. All of the birds were examined by dissection method for the evaluation of macroscopic examination. After the examination of soft tissues, bone tissues were examined and measurements were taken. Using the macroscopic results obtained from CT (Computed Tomography) images of Pheasants and Buzzards, three-dimensional digital models of the birds were created by using special software. Based on the three-dimensional models and videos of the flight characteristics of both bird species, flight animations of the birds were prepared. Results: The anatomical structures of ossa cinguli membri thoracici, ossa membri thoracici, musculi membri thoracici and patagium were examined in detail in Pheasant and Buzzard. The structures on the bones and muscles were named and compared with previous studies. Functional connections between the flight characteristics of birds and their anatomical structures were determined. Three-dimensional digital modeling and animations were prepared. Conclusion: To conclude, in this study, the ossa cinguli membri thoracici, ossa membri thoracici, musculi membri thoracici of Pheasant and Buzzard were examined in detail and the effects of anatomical differences on function were defined by comparing with flight characteristics. In addition, three-dimensional digital models, animations and methods that use today's technology such as "QR" code were used to bring a different perspective to the study. Keywords: Anatomy, Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), Buzzard (Buteo buteo), 3D design, Wing anatomy.