Flood control of the central stream in hozat district, Tunceli province

This thesis analyzes the flood risk of the Hozat Stream, which flows through the Hozat district of Tunceli province. Flooding occurs when rivers and streams overflow their banks as a result of heavy rainfall, snowmelt, or sudden floods, causing environmental, economic, and social damage. Floods can be caused by many factors, including climate change, irregular rainfall patterns, improper land use, deforestation, and infrastructure deficiencies. In this context, the aim of the study is to assess the flood potential of the Hozat Stream, identify potential flood risks, and offer recommendations for flood management. In recent years, floods in our country have increased, leading to serious loss of life and property. Reducing flood risks is possible through calculations using accurate hydrological and hydraulic methods and the development of effective flood management strategies. This study examined the flood risks of streams flowing through the Hozat district center of Tunceli province, with a particular focus on Stream 1. First, land surveys were conducted to determine the basin's morphological and topographic characteristics. The region has a continental climate and an average annual precipitation of 939 mm. Data from the Hozat Meteorological Station between 2015 and 2023 were also evaluated. The low basin slope (0–3%) and the presence of areas zoned for development along the stream banks increase flood risk. Flood flow rates were calculated using the Mockus method. The analyses revealed a Q100 flow rate of 15,19 m³/s for Stream 1 in a 9.44 km² basin. In addition, flood flow rates for various recurrence periods from Q2 to Q500 were determined. The Manning roughness coefficient (n=0,025) and the Modified Cowan Method were used in hydraulic calculations. As a result of hydraulic cross-sectional analyses, nine reinforced concrete bridles were recommended for Stream 1 based on the Q500 flow rate, and the cross-sections were found to be sufficient to accommodate the flow. The results indicate that both structural measures (bridles, walls, dams, reservoirs, channel rehabilitation, etc.) and non-structural measures (early warning systems, zoning plan development, public awareness) should be considered together to reduce flood risk.