Removal of direct blue 15 azo dye from waste water using luffa sponge immobilized with ZnO, Fe3O4 and ZnO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles; modelling kinetic and equilibrium

In this study, removal of Direct Blue 15 azo dyes from water was worked with membrane forms (pure Luffa sponge, Luffa s.+Fe3O4, Luffa s.+Fe3O4, Luffa s.+ ZnO/Fe3O4) prepared by use of Luffa sponge and ZnO, Fe3O4 and ZnO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles. For this purpose, firstly ZnO and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were obtained with green synthesis method by catalyzed peroxidase enzyme purified from Euphorbia amygdaloides with 149,5 fold and 29,5% efficiency. Characterization studies for synthesized nanoparticles were carried out. Measurements were performed at 304 nm and at 481 nm for ZnO, Fe3O4, respectively. PH 6,0 environment for ZnO and pH 8,0 environment for Fe3O4 were determined as optimum pH environments at 30 °C. Maximum nanoparticle synthesis was achieved with concentrations of 5 mM ZnCl2 and 1 mM FeCl2-Fe2Cl3. SEM, FT-IR and XRD measurements of the nanoparticles were obtained. Antimicrobial activity of nanoparticles was found by disc diffusion method against Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain and Pediococcus acidilactic bacteria. Pure Luffa sponge, Luffa s.+ZnO, Luffa s.+Fe3O4, Luffa s.+ZnO/Fe3O4 membrane forms were formed using these nanoparticles and SEM, FT-IR and XRD characterization of ones were performed. Adsorption of Direct Blue 15 azo dyes was studied with membrane forms. Optimum contact time, optimum pH, optimum temperature, optimum dye concentration, optimum Luffa sponge amount was found as 45 min, pH 8,0, 20 °C, 200 mg/L, 0,025 gr in line with the optimization studies, respectively. SEM, FT-IR and XRD characterization for adsorption of dye with membrane forms were made. Each membrane form was displayed both different values and similar values in the analyzes made. Nanoparticle loaded membrane forms provided advantages according to pure Luffa sponge membrane form. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm, first and second order reaction kinetics, calculation of thermodynamic constants were carried out. Keywords: Remediation, Nanoparticle, Direct Blue 15, Luffa Sponge