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Fikri mülki haklarının doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar üzerine etkisi: Gelişmekte olan ülkeler üzerine bir araştırma
Bu çalışmada amaç yabancı yatırımları etkileyen faktörlerden bir olan Fikri Mülkiyet Hakları'nın (FMH) önemini gelişmekte olan ülkeler perspektifinde anlamaya çalışmaktır. Bu süreçte FMH yanında ekonomik yapılara ilişkin göstergeler de incelenmiştir. Tezin çerçevesi dâhilinde FMH'nin bir göstergesi olarak Ginarte ve Park'ın geliştirdiği indeks, temel olarak uluslararası antlaşma ve hukuksal altyapıya ilişkin korumacı faktörleri barındırdığı için kullanılmıştır. Yine FMH'nin bir göstergesi olarak on faklı kategorik bileşenden oluşan Özgürlük İndeksi (Öİ) modele dahil edilmiştir. Öİ bileşenlerinin alt ve üst gelir gruplarında yer alan ülkeler açısından bir faklılaşmaya neden olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Uygulanan panel veri analiz tekniği fikri mülki haklarının geliştirilmesine yönelik atılan adımların doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Uygulanan analiz kişi başına düşen milli gelir(satın alma gücü paritesine göre), ülkelerin toplam borç yükleri (devlet güvencesi altında olan), ülkelerin rezervleri (altın dâhil), ekonomilerin dış ticarete açıklık düzeyleri ve ekonomik büyümenin doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar üzerinde etkilerinin olabileceğini göstermiştir.
Oy çokluğu seçim kuralı ve oligarşik sosyal seçim kuralları
ABSTRACT MAJORITY VOTING RULE AND OLIGARCHIC SOCIAL CHOICE RULES Pelin Pasin M.A., Department of Economics Supervisor: Farhad Husseinov October 2001 In the first part of this study majority voting rule for two alternatives and continuum agents is characterized. As in the finite agent case, symmetry among agents, neutrality between alternatives and positive responsiveness characterize majority voting rule. In the second part, the relation between T-monotonicity and the group which acts as the oligarchy in an oligarchic social choice rule, is analyzed. It is shown that the minimal coalition for which the social choice rule is monotonic constitutes the oligarchy. Keywords: Social Choice, Majority Voting, Monotonicity, Oligarchy. m
Satınalma gücü paritesinin gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonometrik olarak incelenmesi: Sabit ve değişken döviz kuru rejimi deneyimleri
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the purchasing power parity (PPP) hypothesis for sixteen developing countries during their fixed and flexible exchange rate experiences over the period 1957:01-1999:12. The main contribution of this thesis to the empirical literature on PPP is that our study is the first one considering PPP hypothesis on alternative exchange rate regimes for LDCs from all over the world. The bilateral exchange rates of 16 less developed countries (LDC) and the US, and their respective price levels are considered. Consumer Price Index (CPI) is used as to represent the price level. Three different methodologies have been employed to test PPP hypothesis. These are unit root tests (Dickey and Fuller (1979), DF; Augmented Dickey FuUer (1981), ADF; Phillips and Perron (1988), PP), Engle-Granger (1987) cointegration technique and Johansen multivariate VAR methodology (1988). As a consequently, we can not conclude from our study that PPP hypothesis work well under fixed or flexible regime periods, because we could find just a little and nearly equal number of evidences under these alternative regimes. Key Words: Purchasing Power Parity, Less developed countries, fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes, unit root and cointegration techniques.
Ek bağışçıların akciğer takasına etkisi
In this thesis, we mainly focus on lung exchange. There are signifi cant differences between lung and kidney exchanges. While in kidney exchange patients come with a single donor, lung exchange often requires two donors. Incompatible patient-donor-donor triples can exchange donor lungs with other triples.We consider a model in which some patients bring three donors; one is compatible and two are incompatible with themselves. We design a two stage mechanism to show that bringing additional donor to the exchange pool will improve e fficiency of the matching system through increasing number of patients that can be matched. Additionally, we provide a necessary condition that shows when allowing additional donors can also reduce the number of necessary transplant teams to run the exchange sequence, and therefore increase,what we call, implementational e fficiency.
Merkez Bankasi bağımsızlığı, mali piyasaların gelişmesi ve enflasyon
Central bank independence (CBI) and inflation relation has long been adebate and is established in many studies, such as Bade and Parkin (1982), Alesina(1988, 1989), Grilli, Masciandaro, and Tabellini (1991), and Cukierman, Webb andNeyaptı (1992). Although these studies address the negative relation between CBIand inflation, they do not consider the effect of the development level of financialmarkets on this relation. Posen (1995) considers the effect of financial marketdevelopment by using effective financial opposition to inflation formed by theinflation-averse groups. He tests the effect of this variable on CBI and inflationsimultaneously. He claims that the variable, which decreases inflation is effectivefinancial opposition to inflation (when used with CBI) rather than CBI. Thus, hestates that rather than analyzing the direct relation between inflation and CBI, theeffect of effective financial opposition to inflation on CBI and inflation should beinvestigated. Based on this study, this thesis looks at the effect of financial marketdevelopment (FMD) both on CBI and on the relation between CBI and inflation byusing alternative indicators for FMD. We find that there is a significant and positiverelation between CBI and FMD for non-transition countries. Moreover, althoughPosen (1995) states that CBI does not have a significant effect on inflation whenEFOI is included as an additional explanatory variable, we find evidence that bothFMD and CBI have a significant effect on inflation. However, the results of theestimations are not robust to changes in samples.Keywords: Central Bank Independence, Financial Market Development, Inflation
OECD ülkelerinde sağlık harcaması belirleyicileri ve sağlığın gelir esnekliği
After Newhouse's seminal paper published in 1977 the determinants of health expenditure has been studied both by academia and policymakers. The main result of these studies is that income is the most important factor explaining the health expenditure. This thesis aims to reveal the non-income determinants of health expenditure, the magnitude of the income elasticity of health expenditure in OECD countries and to explore whether health expenditure is more elastic in high income countries. Health can be seen as a necessity if the income elasticity is below unity and as a luxury good if the income elasticity is above unity. An interpretation of health being a luxury good is that health expenditure would increase at a higher rate than GDP and the public health sector have high priority among the goals of economic and social development. Panel data on GDP per capita, dependency rate and the public share in health expenditure have been used to investigate the determinants of total health expenditure per capita of OECD countries for the period 1975-2006. For a richer analysis linear and log-linear functional forms are employed. Linear functional form reveals that 100 US$ increase in GDP per capita raises health expenditure per capita by 10.99 US$. Log-linear functional form yields income elasticity much higher than unity. After sorting out the OECD countries as high-income and low-income, it is found that health is more elastic in high-income countries.
Dağınık enerji üretiminin değerlendirilmesi için model
The purpose of this thesis is to assess decentralized production technologies in an economical framework. Throughout the thesis, technological aspects such as smart metering or connectivity issues are ignored. All assumptions are based on specification sheets by the producers of the technologies to provide an impartial assessment.Pricing schemes for buying from the grid and selling to the grid are based on dynamic markets, like Amsterdam Power Exchange and Title Transfer Facility. Although these markets are for large scale trading, they provide a good basis for constructing future scenarios where electricity and gas are bought on variable prices rather than fixed prices.Model constructed to evaluate different technologies finds the optimal production given the technologies and prices for the period. Optimal production clearly defines an upper bound on the value of the technology as any other production increases the cost of heat and electricity of the household.In retrospect, model establishes a best case scenario for the value of such systems from an economical perspective. Technological, regulatory, and marketing aspects are not explored in this study. Only economical viability of the technologies is explored. In summary, it is common for individuals to make misinformed or wrong decisions. Effects of marketing etc. can be studied, but my belief based on this study is that these devices are not economically viable and their environmental benefits are questionable.
Sermaye-vasıflı işgücü tamamlayıcılığı içeren reel iş çevrimleri modellerinin incelenmesi
The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of a production function with capital-skill complementarity, as opposed to thestandard Cobb-Douglas production function, on Real Business Cycle [RBC] models. Capital-skill complementarity is mostly used in open economy models to study the wage inequality but this production function has not been employed in closed economy real business cycle models. This paper shows that the production function with capital-skill complementarity causes even lower endogenous propagation of the impulse response functions than those of standard closed economy RBC models, which already have problems with regards to the persistence of output.
Evrensel seçmede-kapalı sosyal seçim fonksiyonu aileleri
In this thesis, we introduce a new notion of consistency for families of social choice functions, called selection-closedness. This concept requires that every member of a family of social choice functions that are to be employed by a society to make its choice from an alternative set it faces, should choose a member of the given family, when it is also employed to choose the socialchoice function itself in the presence of other rival such functions along with the members of the initial family. We show that a proper subset of neutral social choice functions is universally selection-closed if and only if it is a subset of the set of dictatorial and anti-dictatorial social choice functions. Finally, we introduce a weaker version of selection-closedness and conclude that a "rightextendable scoring correspondence" is strict if and only if the set consisting of its singleton valued renements is universally weakly selection-closed.Keywords: Social Choice, Self-selectivity, Selection-Closed, Weakly Selection-Closed, Scoring Correspondence.
Çevre politikalarının ikinci getirisi: Türkiye için bir hgd uygulaması
As the threat of global warming is becoming more evident, the governments are called for a joint action to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and prevent climate change, by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and its legally binding successor, the Kyoto Protocol. The inevitability of environmental policy implementation in such a context has focused the recent energy-environment-economy literature on the examination of costs related with those policy measures and the possibility of a double dividend, i.e. economic improvements along with environmental benefits. This study, by making use of a ten sector CGE model for Turkey, searches for the second dividend in the presence of environmental taxation by payroll tax reductions. The results indicate that it is possible to achieve emission reductions with no additional burden on the economy if the environmental taxes are accompanied by a reduction in payroll taxes.