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Translation and politics of identity: Türkiye in the eyes of Europe (1999-2008)
This thesis examines the English and French translations of Turkish literature, viewing the world translation system as a transnational cultural system, following Johan Heilbron (1999, 2010). It aims to explore how the Turkish identity is (re)framed in the mass media, considering Türkiye's historical background and its socio-political dynamics with Europe. Using Niklas Luhmann's Social Systems Theory (1990, 2012, 2013), particularly his concepts of communication, autopoiesis, systemic differentiation, and observation, the study analyzes translations in their broader socio-political context. It also employs social narrative theory by Margaret Somers and Gloria Gibson (1993, 1994) to understand media discourse from 1999-2008. The thesis focuses on the discourse surrounding two bestselling novels by prominent Turkish writers: Snow by Orhan Pamuk and The Bastard of Istanbul by Elif Şafak. It analyzes the narrative strategies in press articles and the paratextual elements of translations in the British and French subsystems of the European system, aiming to uncover how translation and media representations shape the portrayal of Turkish identity. The findings suggest that the 'narrative of difference' based on comparing Europeanness and Turkishness centers on the 'bridge' metaphor, indicating the hybridity of Turkish identity as both Eastern and European. The study emphasizes that the European perception of Türkiye and Europe's self-referential reproduction (systemic autopoiesis, survival, and autonomy) are influenced by mass media representations of Türkiye. These representations, constructed through translational and paratextual data, highlight the differences between Europe and the Turkish Other. The thesis concludes that this narrative influences the global reception of Pamuk and Şafak. Pamuk is widely regarded as an internationally consecrated writer, often considered a classic, especially within the French subsystem, while Şafak's status in the global literary landscape leans more towards popular literature, with relatively less recognition in the British and French subsystems.
Eco-translation in science fiction literature: Dune by Frank Herbert
Nowadays, any kind of contribution to raise awareness towards environment is deemed to be necessary as our planet is fighting against the problems of "global warming", "water scarcity" and "climate crisis". In eco-translation, the translator can play a crucial role for this aim in a society by being ecologically sensitive during the process of translation. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the strategies adopted for the translation of ecological items in Science Fiction works, to reveal some of the challenges that the translator might have encountered during the act of translation and to give insight into the roles of the translator to raise ecological awareness in a society by trying to determine whether the translator has been ecologically sensitive or not during this process. To this aim, in this study, 173 ecological terms in Frank Herbert's Dune and their Turkish translations by Dost Körpe have been comparatively analyzed in compliance with the translation strategies of Kansu-Yetkiner et. al (2018) adapted from Venuti, Newmark and Aixelà (literal translation, domestication, foreignization). It has been found out that the literal translation and the (domesticating) couplets/triplets are the most preferred translation strategies. In conclusion, it has been revealed that the translator has been ecologically sensitive during the act of translation.
An end user based study on subtitling for the d/deaf and hard of hearing in Turkey
Reception research in audiovisual translation (AVT), particularly on the intersection between AVT and media accessibility (MA) has been a research avenue to interest for translation scholars in the last couple of decades. However, research in reception studies in countries like Turkey, where MA practices are relatively new in terms of legislative mandates on the subject, are still scarce. This thesis aims to contribute to the field by investigating the reception of subtitles for the d/Deaf and hard of hearing (SDH) by the intended audience, Turkish d/Deaf and hard of hearing (HOH) viewers. The present study places itself in the intersection of Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) and Reception Studies (RS) within AVT. First, guidelines and current practices of SDH were investigated to reveal the norms with a focus on specific parameters. Second, a questionnaire was designed to elicit the opinions of viewers on these practices. The English template of the Digital TV for All (DTV4ALL) questionnaire was adapted to the Turkish context (Romero-Fresco, 2015). The project in which the original questionnaire was used aimed to facilitate provision of access services and provide feedback from viewers that could be relevant to stakeholders in improving the quality of SDH. The Turkish questionnaire, designed with a similar objective in mind, consisted of questions regarding demographic and personal data, viewing habits and preferences, and opinions on particular SDH parameters. Data was collected from 237 participants through online and paper questionnaires. Findings were compared with previous similar studies and discussed. In conclusion, as regards the specific SDH parameters investigated, current practices seem to accomplish their skopos. The provision of more subtitled programmes on free-to-air linear broadcast with a wider variety of types of programmes, and offering of accessible versions with premieres of programmes are areas that, according to the end users, could be improved on. Keywords audiovisual translation, subtitling for the d/Deaf and hard of hearing (SDH), reception study, d/Deaf and hard of hearing viewers, media accessibility
Orhan Kemal'in Baba Evi, Avare Yıllar ve Cemile adlı eserlerinin İngilizceye çevirilerindeki kültüre özgü öğelerinin incelenmesi
Culture is an indispensable component of literature and language. Literary works are the pieces which are full of culture related elements and reflect a society's cultural assets. Since a language itself is a cultural phenomenon, culture specific items are inevitable elements of literary works written in this language within a specific context or society. The fact that translation is a channel of communication between two different languages, societies, readerships, in other words, two different cultures brings about some difficulties for the translators. The focal point of an analysis from a culture specific perspective is to shed light on the difficulties occurring within the translation procedure of CSIs and choices made by the translators to deal with the cultural differences between the source and the target readership. In this study, the English translations of works of one of the canonical authors of Turkish literature, Orhan Kemal, will be analyzed within the scope of CSIs in translation. To this end culture specific items in the English translations of the three works, Baba Evi, Avare Yıllar and Cemile are scrutinized within the light of the translation strategies for culture specific items proposed by Javier Franco Aixelá (1996). Besides Aixelá's strategies which are used as the microstrategies of the analysis, Lawrence Venuti's (1995) concepts of domestication and foreignization are used as macrostrategies of this study. The dominant approach of the translator, i.e. domestication or foreignization, to the translation CSIs within Orhan Kemal's Baba Evi, Avare Yıllar and Cemile are scrutinized. As a result of an in-depth case study, it has been found out that the dominant approach adopted by the translator is domestication. The extent of the use of domestication is higher than the foreignization approach. Furthermore, the possible reason behind the translator's choices is seen as the cultural gap between thre ST and TT cultures and the incomprehensibility of the CSIs complicating the translation process and understandability of the CSI within the TT readers' context.
Müzikal animasyon film çevirisi: "Ölü Gelin"in Türkçeye çevirisi üzerine bir inceleme
Owing to the advances in technology, animated films have a significant part within the film industry. Although most of them are intended for children, some animated movies can be enjoyed by the whole family. To make it possible, film companies usually use dubbing as the translation method. This study focuses on the challenges of dubbing the spoken and musical text in an animated musical and aims to analyze the strategies adopted by the translator while translating the animated film Corpse Bride into Turkish for dubbing. For the analysis, the challenging areas in Corpse Bride are identified; and a comparison between the original film and the Turkish dubbed version is made. The translation challenges such as the translation of figurative language, humor, and songs are analyzed in terms of the translation strategies. Within this context, figurative language and idioms are analyzed in the light of the strategies put forward by Mona Baker (1992). The translation of humor is analyzed in the light of Anne Schjoldager's microstrategies (2008). Furthermore, the translation of songs is analyzed in the light of Pentathlon Principle proposed by Peter Low (2003) and John Dryden's translation strategies (1680) as used by Johan Franzon (2009). Ultimately, the study concludes that paraphrasing is the preferred strategy for the figurative language. Mostly, wordplays are not recreated in the target text. Although direct translations can recreate the visually expressed humor, adaptation is another preferred strategy to recreate humor arising from the relationship between the image and the text of the film. For dubbing the songs, in order to provide singability and to convey the semantic content at the same time, the lines are paraphrased. Ultimately, imitation is another preferred strategy to preserve the performability of the song even though the strategy leads to changes in the semantic content of the lyrics.
In between children's literature and adult literature: An analysis of translational style in The Turkish translation of Norton Juster's The Phantom Tollbooth as an ambivalent text
Defining children's literature has long been a challenging issue due to the peripheral position it assumes and constraints set by literary agents such as writers, translators, publishing houses, editors and critics within this system. With the didactic nature of children's literature, there are some governing rules to be followed by writers and translators (Shavit, 1986, p. 63). Some writers try to overcome these rules by addressing their work to both adult and child readership. These works are defined as ambivalent texts. Wordplay is the most prominent feature of ambivalent texts because it is thought that children can never fully appreciate the features of figurative speech due to their complexity. This thesis seeks to explore how the ambivalent status of a literary text (that is, uncertainty about whether text belongs to adult literature or is a part of children's literature) affects the translation strategies used by the translator to recreate the style of the ST. To that end, this study focuses on the Turkish translation of Norton Juster's The Phantom Tollbooth carried out by Yasemin Akbaş; Hayalet Gişe: Milo'nun Akıl Almaz Serüveni. The theoretical and methodological framework of the thesis is based on the concept of "ambivalence" proposed by Jurij M. Lotman (1977) and elaborated by Zohar Shavit (1986). As wordplays and puns contribute to the ambivalent nature of a literary work, the study develops its research by examining Delabastita's (1993) categorization of translation strategies to illustrate and categorize the translational choices followed by the Turkish translator of The Phantom Tollbooth. The study also intends to show how the translator recreates the distinctive style of the source text if the child readership is the intended audience of a work. Ultimately, this thesis concludes that the ambivalence of a literary text as regards its intended readership (that is, children and adults) may result in the production of a target text the style of which differs from the style of a source text.
Filmden/senaryodan romana: Türkiye'de çeviri sinema romanlar (1944-1957)
Researches on the relationship between film and translation are mostly restricted to subtitling and dubbing in the world; as for Turkey, films are hardly subjects of translation studies. In any case, the close relationship between translated literature and cinema is disregarded. This thesis, by problematizing the relations between foreign films and novels, aims to reveal that foreign films are influential on translated popular literature.In the present study, it is discovered that in the early republican Turkey, many private publishers wanted to capitalize on the popularity of films and published numerous cinema novels. A classification is proposed for analyzing the complex relations between translated cinema novels and foreign films. Two translated cinema novels which fall under different groups and were published in different years (1944 and 1957), are taken as case studies with a view to explore the complex translation practices they harboured. In order to contextualize the novels, a database including translated and indigenous cinema novels published between 1933 and 1960 is established and its critical analysis is provided. As a result; this study, which will be the first in Turkey, concludes that in the early republican Turkey, foreign films ?whether screened or not- influenced the translated popular literature; introduced a new genre ?cinema novel- to Turkish literature and brought diverse aspects of translation into Turkish culture repertoire. Moreover; being complementary to the studies of translation which focus on the early republican Turkey, this thesis presents translated cinema novels as a reseach subject for translation studies.
The ideology of lexical choices in the Turkish translations of Oliver Twist
In August 2006, Radikal Daily uncovered a `scandal? concerning the distorted versions of the world?s classics indicated on a booklist named `100 Essential Readings? approved by the Turkish Ministry of Education. Radikal found out that some Islamist-oriented publishers printed and released wellknown world?s classics by inserting their Islamic ideology into them. This issue has drawn the attention of people from diverse and, at the same time, interrelated fields such as education, literature, and translation. The aim of this thesis is to scrutinize the ideological aspect in five different abridged Turkish versions of Charles Dickens? Oliver Twist (1838) published by Timaş, Damla, Nehir, Karanfil, and Tomurcuk Publishing Houses in terms of the lexical choices made in the translation process. Ideology is regarded as a discursive practice referring to a set of beliefs and values that constitute the world-views of the publishers that are assumed to have produced the versions. Through Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of its five Turkish versions, it has been found out that several points in Oliver Twist have been subject to ideologically-oriented manipulations in the translation process. That is, there seems to be a great number of discrepancies between the original Oliver Twist and its five different abridged Turkish versions. These discrepancies signal the intervention of a religious-conservative ideology. By exploring the relationship between ideology and translation through a case study, the thesis also aims to raise further questions that shall be taken up in future studies.
Çift erek kitleli değişken bir metin olarak Alice Harikalar Diyarında çevirilerinde yayınevi ideolojilerinin varlığının sorgulanması
Bu çalışmanın amacı, çift erek kitleli bir değişken metin olarak Alice Harikalar Diyarında (Alice in Wonderland) isimli eserin dördü çocuk yazını dizgesine dördü de yetişkin yazını dizgesine yönelik olarak oluşturulmuş çevirilerini erek metinlerin dizgelerinden kaynaklanan bir ideolojik yönlendirmeye maruz kalıp kalmadıkları açısından incelemektir. Çalışma kapsamında çeviri ve ideoloji ilişkisi irdelenecek, çeviri sürecinin dilsel boyutlarının yanı sıra sosyal ve ideolojik boyutları da mercek altına alınacaktır. Erek metinlerin önce bulundukları dizgedeki diğer çevirilerle, sonra da diğer dizgenin bütüncesini oluşturan erek metinlerle karşılaştırılmasıyla elde edilen veriler Itamar Even-Zohar tarafından önerilen Çoğuldizge Kuramı ile André Lefevere tarafından önerilen Yeniden Yazım Kuramı'na dayandırılarak değerlendirilecektir. Bu çalışma kapsamında yapılacak değişken metinlerin çevirisi üzerinden çocuk yazını dizgesinde yer alan çevirilerin niteliğine ilişkin çıkarımlarla değişken metin kavramı ve çocuk yazını çevirilerinde ideoloji konularında yapılacak çalışmaların önünü açmak hedeflenmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Değişken Metinler, Yeniden Yazım Kuramı, Çocuk Yazını, Çeviride İdeoloji, Alice Harikalar Diyarında.
İdeoloji ve manipülasyon ışığında çeviri: "Batının Gözüyle Türkler serisi"
As important documents for historical, anthropological, sociological and cultural value they bear, travel accounts have been translated into Turkish for a long time. The book series entitled "Turks in the Eyes of the West" launched by Dergah Publishing in 2008 set an example for the translated travel writing in Turkish literary system. Using the parallelism between travel writing and translation in terms of being manipulative literary activities (Bassnett 2004) as a point of reference, this book series is used as a case study. As for the theoretical framework of this study, the concepts "rewriting", "manipulation" (Lefevere 1992) and "reverse orientalism" (Sadiq Jalal al-Azm 1982) will be used to comparatively analyse the target texts and source texts and to seek for the effects of reverse orientalism and manipulation in translation. Paratextual elements (Genette 1997) pertaining to the books in the series will be analysed in order to shed light on the translational activities in relation to the abovementioned concepts. Additionally, interviews with the book series editor and the translators of the books serve as an important complementary material that supports the findings that the translatorial agents have used translation and publishing practice to make them fit in with their ideological aims and agendas of reverse orientalism. Keywords: Travel Writing, Travel Writing Translation, Rewriting, Manipulation, Paratextual Elements, Dergah Publishing
Eğitim ortamlarında paydaşların toplum çevirmenliğine yönelik algı ve beklentileri
Son yıllarda artan uluslararası göç hareketleri, pek çok ülkenin demografik yapısını hızla çok dilli ve çok kültürlü hâle getirmiş; savaşlar, ekonomik nedenler ve doğal afetler, göçü tetikleyen başlıca etkenler arasında yer alarak özellikle eğitim, sağlık ve hukuk gibi temel kamu hizmetlerine erişimde dil engelini ön plana çıkarmıştır. Bu bağlamda toplum çevirmenliği (TÇ), farklı dil ve kültürlerden gelen bireyler ile hizmet sağlayıcılar arasında köprü kuran stratejik bir araç hâline gelmiştir. Bu araştırmada, Amasya, Çorum, Samsun ve Tokat illerinde (TR83) görev yapan eğitim paydaşları (okul yöneticileri, öğretmenler, psikolojik danışmanlar, veliler) ile profesyonel ve ad hoc toplum çevirmenlerin TÇ'yi nasıl algıladıkları, deneyimledikleri ve değerlendirdikleri incelenmiştir. Amaçlı, maksimum çeşitlilik ve kar topu örnekleme teknikleriyle belirlenen katılımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış, veriler yorumlayıcı fenomenolojik analizle (YFA) çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, TÇ'nin eğitim ortamlarında iletişim engellerini azaltıcı, kültürlerarası anlayışı güçlendirici bir işleve sahip olduğunu; özellikle çok dilli öğrenci nüfusuna sahip okullarda çevirmenlerin öğrenci–veli–okul arasındaki köprü rolünü üstlendiğini göstermiştir. Ancak Türkiye'de eğitim ortamlarında TÇ'ye ilişkin sistemli ve kurumsallaşmış bir yapı bulunmamakta, yasal düzeyde herhangi bir belge ya da kanuni düzenleme mevcut değildir. Hizmetin niteliğinin çevirmenin dilsel yeterliği, kültürel bilgisi ve etik duyarlılığına bağlı olduğu; profesyonel olmayan çevirmenlerin yanlış anlamalara yol açabileceği, profesyonel çevirmenlerin ise terminoloji hâkimiyetinin iletişimi güçlendirdiği belirtilmiştir. TÇ'ye, resmi süreçler (kayıt, nakil, denklik, veli görüşmeleri) ile öğrenci–öğretmen iletişimi, oryantasyon, uyum, öğrenci ihtiyaçlarının tespiti, okul kültürünün aktarılması ve arabuluculuk gibi alanlarda ihtiyaç duyulmakta; rehberlik hizmetleri, anlaşmazlık çözümü, özel durum görüşmeleri, yeni gelen öğrencilerin karşılanması ve velilere bilgilendirme gibi durumlarda da sıkça başvurulmaktadır. Okullarda çevirmenlik rolünün çoğu zaman öğrencilere veya kardeşlerine verildiği, bunun gizlilik, rol çatışması ve doğruluk açısından riskler barındırdığı; çocuk çevirmenliğin hız, erişilebilirlik ve dil yetkinliği algısıyla tercih edilmesine rağmen tarafsızlık izlenimini zedeleyebildiği, ikincil travma, damgalanma ve güç dengesizlikleri gibi olumsuzluklar yaratabildiği saptanmıştır. Çocuk çevirmenler akran zorbalığı, tehdit veya dışlanmaya maruz kalabilmekte; kimi zaman bilgiyi eksik ya da çarpıtılmış biçimde aktarmaktadır. Çocuklar çoğu zaman bu görevi memnuniyetle kabul etseler de rol çatışması ve duygusal yük görünmezleşmektedir. Profesyonel çeviri hizmetlerinin yokluğunda teknolojik çözümler ve yetişkin aracılar devreye girse de çoğu zaman yetersiz kalmakta; makine çevirisi ve mobil çeviri araçlarının tam anlamıyla işlevsel kullanılmaması iletişim kalitesini sınırlamaktadır. Ayrıca yapay zekâ entegrasyonuna yönelik herhangi bir bulguya rastlanmamıştır. Çocukların yetişkinlere özgü konulara tanıklığı, çocuğun yüksek yararı ilkesine aykırı düşmektedir. Sonuç olarak eğitimde TÇ, geçici bir kolaylaştırma değil; erişim, adalet ve katılım için yaşamsal bir altyapıdır. Bu doğrultuda, okul temelli ve sürdürülebilir istihdam modelleri, açık iş tanımı–etik protokoller–nitelik güvencesi, çocuk çevirmenliği önleyici yazılı düzenlemeler, paydaşlara yönelik farkındalık programları ve dijital araçların mahremiyet–doğruluk ilkeleriyle bütünleşik kullanımı önerilmektedir.
İnşaat alanındaki İngilizceden Türkçeye çevrilmiş TSE standartlarının çeviri kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi: Skopos Kuramı ışığı altında komisyonun etkisinin incelenmesi
In the rapidly globalized world, the need for mass production has increased the necessity for standards and their translations. National standardization body of Turkey, Turkish Standards Institution (TSE), went through a radical change in translation policy in the year of 2016, which resulted in the introduction of a new standard developing and translation guide, which is a commission in terms of Skopos theory. The present study aims to evaluate the quality of standards translated from English into Turkish after and before the year of 2016 to determine where there has been an improvement in the translation quality of standards as a result of the innovation. For this purpose, corpus one (C1) consisting of 10 randomly chosen construction standards translated before the year of 2016 and corpus two (C2) consisting of 10 randomly chosen construction standards translated after the year of 2016 were evaluated according to Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) translation quality assessment model (Lommel, Burchardt & Uszkoreit, 2015). Translation errors found in each corpus were classified according to seventeen error types of this model and weighting according to their severities. The results of translation quality analysis of C1 and C2 were compared to find out whether there was any improvement in translation quality of C2 after the introduction of the commission in the year of 2016. The quantitative data analysis revealed that there were 544 instance of translation error observed in C1, while in C2, the number of error decreased to 314. Statistical analysis revealed that the introduction of the commission has significantly improved translation quality. The qualitative analysis revealed that the error patterns differed between the two corpora: in C1 translation errors statistically distributed uniformly over categories while in C2 the majority of the errors were left in the category of Fluency which could be attributed to the peculiarities of the guideline of 2016. As a result, the present study provides a piece of evidence that the presence of commission is likely to enhance the quality of translation and supports the view of Vermeer that a translator should be provided with a properly defined commission before starting the process of translation. Key Words: Translation Quality Assessment, Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM), Skopos Theory, Standards, Technical Translation
Video oyunlarının Türkçe çevirilerinde yerlileştirme ve yabancılaştırma
One of the most important features of video games is their ability to immerse the player into the game universe. Video game developers use storytelling, along with visual and auditory elements, in order to create this immersion. The game universe that is created to convey the story to the player usually includes its own history, culture, and cultural elements. A video game also includes culture-specific items that belong to the culture that the video game is created in, i.e. the culture of the video game developers. As a result, players who play the game in its original language encounter both unfamiliar (game-universe specific) and familiar (their domestic culture) CSIs. This study aims to research the Turkish translation of the CSIs that are encountered in video games in light of Venuti's (1995) domestication and foreignization, and Aixela's (1996) substitution and conservation concepts. To this end, ten video games that are translated from English into Turkish have been analyzed; the CSIs in these games have been located; the cultures that these CSIs belong to have been identified; and the strategies that are used in their Turkish translations have been studied. Furthermore, the translator's choices regarding these strategies and whether the translated CSIs can invoke the same feeling on the target player as the source player have also been discussed. This study has revealed that the CSIs that belong to the game universe are generally foreignized in the target text, while the CSIs that belong to the culture of the source text are domesticated. It must be noted that this method can be observed as a general tendency in all of the analyzed translated games. It can be argued that the reason for the high prevalence of this approach may be the translators' effort to preserve the foreignness of the items that are already foreign for the source player, and to familiarize the items that are already familiar for the source player. This method enables the target language player to both encounter unfamiliar game-universe specific concepts, and to feel in an environment laden with familiar cultural items in contexts that do not belong to the game universe. Hence, it is reasonable to argue that both of these situations aid the video game in creating the immersion for the player. Keywords video game translation, culture-specific items, domestication, foreignization, substitution and conservation
Adli tıp romanlarının melez metin türü olarak çevirisi: Patricia Cornwell'ın Trace adlı romanı üzerine bir vaka çalışması
Crime evokes negativity within our minds. Punishment and elimination of any kind of attitude or action which threatens or damages the current order within a society is of great importance in terms of sustaining the public peace and order. The concept of crime, which was involved in literature in 1800s, evolved in time just like the society and has been given different names; such as detective stories, spy stories, dime novels, crime novels and so on. With the advancements in technology, the field of criminology has also been developed extensively; and investigation of crime has become the work field of criminology and forensic specialists rather than wise detectives with strong foresight. These developments were also reflected in literature and formed today's sub-genre of forensic novels. The aim of this study is to suggest the classification of forensic novels as hybrid texts in term of the language used, as well as proving the necessity of adopting different translational techniques during process. These texts are both descriptive in terms of being situated within literary conventions, and informative because of containing technical language and special-field terminology. This structure of forensic novels entails different translational approaches, depending on the terminology encountered. The study is based on the novel Trace by Patricia Cornwell, who is one of the foremost forensic novel authors in literature, and its translation İz by Zeliha İyidoğan Babayiğit. A total of 50 randomly selected terms/cultural items will be analyzed under two categories as (1) technical terms and (2) cultural elements; and the methods and strategies applied by the translator will be identified. These technical terms and cultural elements will be explained in light of the domestication and foreignization techniques suggested by Lawrence Venuti and strategies used in the translation of Culture-specific Items (CSIs) suggested by Javier Franco Aixelá. Also, choices of the translator in the act of translation will be analyzed. Additionally, the first samples of crime fiction, its historical development in the world, its sub-genres, when and how it was introduced with Turkey, the first attempts for authentic stories and its situation within the literature will be explained elaborately. Within the scope of the thesis, the research questions regarding the potential challenges encountered in the translation of forensic novels, and the qualifications a translator must have while translating such novels will be answered.
Video oyunu yerelleştirmesine özgü zorlukların üstesinden gelmek için kullanılan yaklaşımlar ve stratejiler
Video games have become a global industry producing billions of dollars in revenue each year. For this reason, the importance of video game localization industry is increasing with each passing day. The aim of this study is to develop an understanding on the specific challenges posed by video game localization and examine the approaches and strategies employed by the localizers to overcome these challenges. To this end, the Turkish localizations of two popular games in Turkey, League of Legends and Football Manager 2015, have been choosen to be analyzed. Both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to conduct this descriptive study. Relevant examples highlighting the challenges faced by the localizers of the games have been presented, and the source and target texts have been compared to assess the strategies employed by the localizers. The study demonstrates that video games with different genres and themes create their own unique localization-related challenges. While Football Manager 2015 mostly causes problems for the localizers due to lack of context and its use of variable text strings, the challenges of the localization process of League of Legends are mostly related to preserving the entertainment factor. Another finding of the study is that the localizers of both games have drawn upon target culture norms to create experiences that feel native. The analysis of the two games reveal that localizers working on video games have to be culturally aware, tech-savvy and have a strong grasp on gaming as a whole as well as the theme and genre conventions of the specific video game they are localizing. This study is carried out with the hope of making a contribution to this emerging field in Turkey and paving the way for further studies.
Orhan Pamuk'un Kara Kitap adlı romanının iki çevirisinin Berman'ın biçembilimsel perspektifi çerçevesinde karşılaştırmalı incelenmesi
Style is a constitution of conscious or unconscious choice of langugae set by the writer in a specific literary work. It has certain unique characteristics that reflect the witer's intentions and it is closely related to translation studies. When the peculiar style of a writer needs to be translated, the target text should preserve the unique stylistic characteristics belonging to the source text writer and culture. As it is a rather challenging task, certain deformations may occur during the translation process. This study aims at exploring whether the stylistic features of Orhan Pamuk's Kara Kitap which has been selected as the source text is kept in the two English translations of the novel translated by Güneli Gün (1994) and Maureen Freely (2006) which are the target texts of the study. A comparative stylistic analysis has been conducted in the light of Antoine Berman's Analytic of Translation and his twelve deforming tendencies that are introduced within the analytic. Berman's analytic has been taken as the main methodological framework of the study, and to complete the analysis in a more detailed way, five examples have been chosen from the source and target texts. At the end of the analysis, it has been found out that although the deforming tendencies have been observed in both target texts, in Freely's translation, the source text seems to be more deformed as a result of the frequent use of deforming tendencies and the adopted target-oriented strategey. On the other hand, Gün's translation has appeared to be more faithful to the original with fewer deforming tendencies in number resulting from the chosen source-oriented strategy. Key Words Style, stylistics, Antoine Berman, Analytic of Translation, deforming tendencies, Orhan Pamuk, Kara Kitap
Farmakoloji metinlerinin çevirisi: Katzung ve Trevor'ın farmakoloji kitabına yönelik işlevsel bir durum çalışması
All fields of science question the same thing: Do all the actions take place for a reason? Similarly, in the field of translation studies, in the 1980s Holz-Mänttäri proposed that translingual practices are based on an aim. In terms of translation studies, all kinds of texts that are built on the foundation of an aim turns into a part of Action Theory (Yazıcı, 2005: 53). Hans J. Vermeer who introduced the Skopos Theory in the field of Translation states that all translation actions has a Skopos, i.e. a purpose (1996:12). In this study, it is aimed at focusing on the Skopos of the translation of the book entitled Katzung and Trevor's Pharmacology Examination and Board Review which is used as a textbook and has become an indispensable part of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacology. It is worth contemplating on this book due to the fact that it is the most popular and mostly the only textbook that is read and studied in the most significant two fields dealing with human health: Medicine and Pharmacology. First of all, the thesis studies the methods and developments in pharmacology that have been observed from the past to the present, and the developments in Turkey related to this field are referred. Then, the studies on functional theories in translation and the development, the scope, and the basic principles of Skopos theory as well as criticisms against the theory are explained. Lastly, Turkish translation of Katzung and Trevor Farmakology Examination and Board Review which is a comprehensive source in the field of pharmacology is analysed in the framework of skopos, coherence and fidelity rules, and the functions of the translation in the source language are analyzed.
Gulliver'in Seyahatleri'nin tam metin çevirilerindeki metin dışı unsurların karşılaştırmalı analizi
Jonathan Swift's work, Gulliver's Travels is regarded as one of the most important satirical works of English literature. The novel mainly includes explicit and implicit criticisms of institutions and humankind. However, the book is not always perceived as a satirical work because of non-textual elements applied by the publisher, the author or by a third party. Genette (1997) has defined these elements as paratextual elements which enable a work to become a book and to reach the reader. Besides, these elements affect the reception of a text. The aim of this study is to explore the paratextual elements in the complete translations of Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels and to find out the most effective elements on the reception of the novel by the reader. The study firstly carries out a bibliographic survey to demonstrate the position of the book in the Turkish literary polysystem within the framework of Itamar Even-Zohar's (1990) polysystem theory. It later analyzes the paratextual elements of the complete translations of the novel translated by İrfan Şahinbaş, Kıymet Erzincan Kına and Can Ömer Kalaycı, and published by five different publishing houses. It finally discusses the most effective elements which can change the perception of Gulliver's Travels. As a result, the study shows that the novel is mostly appreciated as a part of children's literature in the Turkish literary polysystem and it also finds out four effective paratextual elements which are the titles of the series, the please-inserts, the prefatory notes and the notes among eight detected elements in the complete translations. Although the bibliographical survey displays its position in the Turkish literary polysystem mostly as a work of children's literature, the paratextual elements of the complete translations reveal the satirical style of Swift and the target reader as adults. Keywords Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels, polysystem theory, paratextual elements, perception.