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Investigation of the structural similarity of aromatase inhibitors developed for the treatment of breast cancer
Aromatase is a cytochrome P450 enzyme complex that serves a critical role in hormone regulation and various physiological processes by converting androgens into estrogens. In human breast cancer tissue, there is an overexpression of the aromatase enzyme. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are employed in the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women to block the enzyme aromatase, thus inhibiting estrogen production. Undesirable effects associated with current AIs have necessitated an ongoing search for novel candidates with aromatase-inhibitory properties. This research focuses on the similarity of all known active AIs studied from 2010 to 2022, comprising 250 AI compounds collected from the literature through the Clarivate Analytics database (Web of Science). These compounds are described using various molecular descriptors and fingerprints, and then classified using K-means clustering and hierarchical clustering methods. Hierarchical clustering, in combination with ECFP fingerprints, produced promising results, dividing AI compounds into two main groups: steroidal and non-steroidal. The non-steroidal group is further subdivided into natural and synthetic compound groups. Using the results of ECFP fingerprints hierarchical clustering, we predict the antineoplastic activity of breast cancer via Passonline. Interestingly, we find that the group of natural compounds, all of which are active according to Passonline, is predominantly derived from Thailand. This methodology holds the potential to classify previously identified structures and serves as a valuable tool for evaluating active compounds on a given target.
The effectiveness of the "I COUGH" care program on dyspnea, respiratory parameters, mobility and pain after major abdominal surgery
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of the I COUGH care program following major abdominal surgery to heart rate, blood pressure, dyspnea, oxygen saturation, pulmonary function, mobility, and pain after major abdominal surgery. A total of 60 adult individuals aged between 30 and 60 years (mean age of 39.9±8.82) comprising 13 males and 47 females underwent major abdominal surgery requiring general anesthesia and hospitalization were invited to study. Patients were randomly assigned to either the Control Group (CG, n=30) or the Experimental Group (EG, n=30) using the block randomization method. Patients in the EG participated in the I COUGH care program included flow-incentive spirometer, oral care, coughing and breathing exercises, patient, and family education, getting out of bed, and elevating the head of the bed by more than 30 degrees for 3 days post-surgery. The patients in the CG did not undergo any interventions. All participants were assessed in terms of vital signs as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Moreover, dyspnea was assessed using the Modified Borg dyspnea Scale, pulmonary functions were evaluated using spirometry, mobility was assessed by Activity and Mobility Promotion scale and pain assessed Visual Analog Scale. Data were collected from all patients at baseline 10 h after the first day of surgery and on the day of discharge from the hospitals. The findings of the present study revealed that the I COUGH care program effectively improved pulmonary function and blood oxygenation, reduced the incidence of dyspnea, increased mobility, and decreased postoperative pain, with a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the findings indicated that the I COUGH program is an effective and significantly improved the pulmonary function and blood oxygenation of the patients. Moreover, the program reduced the incidence of dyspnea, increased the mobility, and decreased the postoperative pain after major abdominal surgery. Key words: I COUGH Care Program, Dyspnea, Respiratory Parameters, Mobility, Pain, Major Abdominal Surgery.
The effect of the FIFA 11+ program on agility, balance and proprioception parameters for the professional football players
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the FIFA 11+ training program applied to young football players on the agility, balance and proprioception of professional football players in the Palestinian team (mean age: 27.8 ± 4.7 years, height = 180.09 cm ± 24. 0). The study was applied to the Palestinian professional football team, which includes 22 football players (18 years and over). In our study, measurements were taken before and after warm-up exercises for the game FIFA 11. The researcher applied for the Illinois T agility test. The Y test, which is used to test balance for athletes and football players, has been applied. Proprioception was assessed by the soccer players' ability to reposition the knee at 30, 45, and 60 degrees for both the player's right and left leg. SPSS version 22 for WINDOWS was used for statistical analysis. The results in the balance test showed at a significance level (P<0.05) that the values after applying FIFA 11 for the left leg increased to 68.87±6.0 from 68.50±4.0 and for the right leg from 68.19±2.0 to 68.99±5.0. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the results of the agility test before and after applying the FIFA exercises (P<0.05), as the Illinois test time values decreased from 16.55±1.22 seconds before applying the FIFA 11 program to 16.33±1.15 after performing the FIFA 11 training exercises (P < 0.05). As shown by the results of the proprioception test, it was found that there was a significant difference in the results of proprioception before and after applying the FIFA 11 training exercises (P<0.05). The differences between the pre- and post-absolute value measurements decreased after the post-test for the right and left legs and at angles of 30, 45 and 60, while the value of the proprioception test for the left leg increased. From 25.4±5.49 to 27.8±4.66 (4.6-2.2) at an angle of 30 degrees. The results of the study revealed greatly the importance of the FIFA 11 program for football players, as the results showed that there were statistically significant differences before and after applying the FIFA 11 warm-up program. In conclusion, the FIFA 11 program should be applied as a warm-up program for football players, as it increases the player's ability during the match, improves his agility and balance, and leads to increasing the players' ability to receive proprioception. Keywords: FIFA 11, agility, balance, proprioception, performance.
Food insecurity, dietary patterns and obesity: A cross-sectional study
The definition of food insecurity is the lack of regular access to safe, nutritious food necessary for the growth of individuals and households. This study was conducted on 250 administrative staff of a private university between February and November 2023 to examine how food insecurity correlates with dietary patterns and obesity. A face-to-face questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, physical activity, anthropometric measurements, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and a retrospective 24-hour food recall used for data collection. Results indicated 79.6% were food secure, 12.4% mildly food insecure, 4% moderately food insecure, and 4% severely food insecure. 23.2% had risky waist circumference and 18.8% had high risk waist circumference. According to BMI, 37.2% were overweight and 12.4% were obese. The analysis reveals a statistically significant difference in the age variable among food insecurity groups (p=0.027<0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation exists between education level and food insecurity groups (p=0.042<0.05). Upon analyzing anthropometric measurements, the BMI, waist circumference, and food insecurity groups did not significantly correlate (p>0.05). Analysis of food consumption records data revealed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of fat, niacin, vitamin B6, potassium, magnesium and zinc according to the RDA between the food insecurity groups (p<0.05). Although no significant relationship emerged between food insecurity and obesity via anthropometric measurements, dietary pattern data indicated that food insecurity heightened obesity risks. Food insecurity is cyclical across life stages. Given the serious consequences of food insecurity, including obesity, multidisciplinary collaboration between doctors, dietitians and other public health professionals is vital. Keywords: BMI, Food Insecurity, Nutritional Status, Obesity, Waist Circumference
The role of CXCL12 gene variant in the Coronary Artery disease
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a very important cause of morbidity and mortality. The majority of CVD-related deaths are related to coronary artery disease (CAD). It is a decrease in blood flow in the myocardium, resulting in myocardial ischemia (MI). There have been studies showing that CAD risk is strongly linked to the 10q11.21 chromosomal locus. The rs1801157 C>T polymorphism was mapped to the chemokine CXCL12 gene. This genetic variant is known to affect atherosclerosis, CAD and MI. In this study, the relationship between CAD risk and variables of this polymorphism was investigated in the Turkish population. A group of 125 healthy controls and 139 Coronary artery patients who underwent angiography from the Turkish population were included in the study. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS 26.0 software to calculate genotype and allele distributions and compare values with clinical variables. No significant difference was found between patients and controls (p=0.503, p=0.622, p=0.588). Genotype and allele distributions of patient and control groups did not show a significant relationship in terms of rs1801157 polymorphisms. However, we concluded that the HDL values of those carrying the TT genotype were significantly higher (p=0.000). When we performed Lipid Subgroup analysis, we concluded that small LDL subgroups were lower in those with TT genotype p=(0.000); large and medium HDL subgroups were higher in those with TT genotype (p=0.018, p=0.000). With these findings, we can conclude that the expression of rs1801157 C>T polymorphism in CXCL12 is not associated with CAD, but in the molecular mechanism, we think that the TT genotype may be protective against coronary artery disease due to its positive relationship with HDL level. Key Words: CXCL12, Polymorphism, rs1801157, Coronary Artery Disease
Comparison of the effect of conventional drilling, undersized bone drilling and osseodensification techniques on primary stability, in insertion of standard dental implants into d4 bone with insertion torque, removal torque and resonance frequency analysis
Ekiz, ÖF. (2023). Comparison of the Effect of Conventional Drilling, Undersized Bone Drilling and Osseodensification Techniques on Primary Stability, in Insertion of Standard Dental Implants into D4 Bone with Insertion Torque, Removal Torque and Resonance Frequency Analysis. Yeditepe University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PhD Thesis. Istanbul Endosseous dental implants have been shown to be amongst the most successful restorative options for restoring teeth. Success is determined by the osseointegration method, where it helps to maintain long-term longevity. The purpose of this thesis was to compare of the effect of conventional (CD), osseodensification (OD), and undersized bone drilling (UD) techniques on primer stability, in insertion of standard dental implants into low-density bone (D4) with insertion torque (IT), removal torque (RT) and stability quotient (ISQ). Study compared the insertion torque values, removal torque values and ISQ values of the dental implants inserted on polyurethane blocks (#1522-23, #1522-03: Sawbones, Malmö, Sweden) that mimic D4 (PCF05) bone structures. A total of 66 implants (IMPLANCE; Turkey) with size of (4.3x10mm) were split into three groups, according to osteotomy techniques (conventional technique (n=22), underdrilling technique (n=22) and osseodensification technique (n=22). All the implants were placed on bone blocks at speed of 40 rpm with using a physio-dispenser. The resonance frequency analysis of the dental implants was performed via a smartpeg. Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare the two groups. The significance thresholds were set at p<0.05. Comparing osseodensification with conventional drilling and undersized drilling, OD group had highest insertion torque. Additionally, the difference between CD and OD was statistically significant however the difference between OD and UD was not statistically significant. In terms of removal torque value, undersized drilling had the highest value when compared to the OD and CD. In terms of ISQ, statistically significance was observed between OD and CD and UD. CD and UD groups had significantly lower ISQ values than OD group. Large-scale clinical studies are needed to support the results. Key words: Primary Implant Stability, Osseodensification, Posterior Maxilla, Insertion Torque, Removal Torque, Resonance Frequency Analysis
Evaluation of the shaping effectiveness of different rotary file systems in primary molars
The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess whether the effectiveness of root canal preparation of primary molar teeth performed with stainless steel K- files, OneShape, Hyflex EDM and EndoArt Pedo Blue file rotary systems differ in terms of change in volume, uninstrumented area and apical transportation with the use of micro-CT scans. A sample size of 60 (n=15) was determined. The samples were collected from the department of paediatric dentistry at Yeditepe University, Dental Faculty, Istanbul based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Maxillary and mandibular primary first and second molars unrestorable intraorally purposes extracted due to chronic apical periodontitis and abscess and for reasons not related to this study were used for this experiment with gained consent. The samples were scanned with a desktop micro-CT scanner (SkyScan1275; Bruker micro-CT, Kontich, Belgium) to generate 3D images. Among the 4 experiment groups, there was no statistically significant difference in pre- and post-instrumentation canal volumes and change in canal volume (p>0.012). Furthermore, highest percentage of uninstrumented area was in the Hyflex EDM group (24.5%±24.6), however there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Apical transportation showed significant difference. It was found that the statistical difference was between the EndoArt group and K-files and also between OneShape and K-files (p<0.012), where the apical transportation value of K-files was significantly smaller. To conclude, all instruments tested in this study could safely shape curved and narrow root canals of primary molars, however with OneShape and EndoArt files causing more transportation compared to hand-files.
Sağlıkta dijitalleşme sürecinde sağlık personelinin sağlık teknolojilerine ilişkin tutumlarının demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi: Diyarbakır ili örneği
Bu çalışma, sağlık personelinin sağlık teknolojilerini değerlendirme tutumlarının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Hayatın her alanında çok önemli yer tutan teknoloji, sağlık sektöründe de oldukça önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Sağlık sektörünün sürdürülebilir olması ve etkili olması açısından teknoloji vazgeçilmez bir unsurdur. Bu çalışmada da sağlık sektörünün içerisinde yer alan sağlık personelinin bu teknolojiye ilişkin tutum düzeylerini belirlenmesi üzerinde durulmuştur. Araştırmada genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubunu, gönüllü olarak katılan 215 kadın, 185 erkek olmak üzere 400 sağlık personeli oluşturmaktadır. Grup oluşumu, seçkisiz olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden rastgele örnekleme yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada veri toplama formu olarak bireylerin demografik özellikleri elde etmek amacıyla kişisel bilgi formunun (cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, medeni durum, meslek statüsü, bulunulan kurumda çalışma yılı ve toplam mesleki yıl) yanı sıra Kuşcu, Yılmaz ve Kuşcu Karatepe (2022) tarafından geliştirilen 3 boyutlu Sağlık Personeli Sağlık Teknolojileri Değerlendirme Tutum Ölçeği (SPSTDTÖ) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan anket formları çevrim içi olarak sağlık personellerine uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler SPSS.22 paket programı aracılığıyla bilgisayar ortamında analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde eğitim durumu değişkeni ile ölçeğin bütünü arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p0,05). Ancak bazı değişkenler ile ölçeğin alt boyutlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Çalışmaya katılan sağlık personelinin, sağlık teknolojilerine ilişkin tutum düzeyleri ölçeğe verilen cevapların ortalamaları doğrultusunda yüksek çıktığı tespit edilmiştir.
Evaluation of the clinical and immunomodulatory effects of the probiotic lozenges or sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis
The effect of probiotics or sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on inflammatory parameters in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients needs further investigation because of the controversial data. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and immunomodulatory efficacy of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) containing lozenges (Probiotic) or SDD (Doxycycline hyclate) as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy. A total of 45 patients, with at least 2 teeth having one approximal site with a probing depth (PD) of 5-7 mm and gingival index (GI) of ≥2 in each quadrant, were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. Group I received SRP + Probiotic lozenges (2x108 cfu/ml), Group II received SRP + SDD (doxycycline hyclate) tablets, whereas Group III received SRP + placebo. Plaque index (PI), GI, PD, bleeding on probing (BoP) and attachment gain were measured and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling was performed at baseline and day 90. GCF analysis were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GCF volume, MMP-8 and TIMP-1 levels were also evaluated at baseline and at day 90. Intra-group comparisons of all parameters were evaluated with paired sample t test while inter-group comparisons of all clinical and biochemical parameters were evaluated with Oneway Anova test. Tukey test was used for the double comparisons of the groups. The statistical significance was set at p <0.05. At the end of the observation period, statistically significant improvements in all evaluated parameters were observed within each group. Inter- group comparisons of mean differences of both clinical and biochemical parameters revealed statistically significance in favour of both SRP + Probiotic and SRP + SDD between days 0-90 at the end of day 90 (p< 0.05). However, no siginificant differences were observed between SRP + Probiotic and SRP + SDD in terms of both clinical and biochemical parameters. (p> 0.05) In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that the adjunctive usage of L. reuteri containing lozenges and SDD tablets significantly reduced inflammation when compared to SRP + placebo in CP patients.
Clinical and microbiological effects of probiotic containing lozenges in comparison to sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: 3-month follow-up
The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and microbiological effects of Lactobacillus reuteri (L.reuteri) containing lozenges in comparison with the usage of sub-antimicrobial dose-doxycycline (SDD) containing tablets as adjunctive to initial periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients A total of 45 patients, with 2 teeth in each quadrant having at least one approximal site with a probing depth (PD) of 5-7 mm and gingival index (GI) of ≥2, were selected and divided randomly into 3 groups. Group I received scaling and root planning (SRP) + L. reuteri containing lozenges, whereas Group II received SRP + SDD containing tablets, and Group III received SRP + placebo. Plaque index (PI), GI, PD, relative attachment level (RAL) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were measured for clinical evaluation. Microbiological sampling was performed at baseline and at day 90, and was analyzed by culture method. Total viable count (TVC) and proportions of obligate anaerobic bacteria were evaluated. The paired sample t test was used for intra-group comparison of the clinical parameters and the proportions of obligate anaerobic bacteria, whereas the Wilcoxon sign test was used for the TVC values. One-way ANOVA test was used for the inter-group comparisons of mean differences of clinical parameters and proportions of the obligate anaerobic bacteria (%), while Kruskal-Wallis Test was used for the TVC values. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05. Tukey test was used to evaluate the comparisons of the clinical parameters and proportions of obligate anaerobes in pairs, whereas Mann–Whitney U-test was used for the evaluation of TVC values in pairs. Statistical significance was set as p<0.05. All treatments resulted in statistical significantly improvements in terms of the clinical and microbiological parameters at the end of the observation period. Intergroup comparisons of the mean differences of PI, GI, BoP, PD and attachment gain revealed statistical significance in favor of both SRP + Probiotic and SRP + SDD groups (p<0.05) at the end of day 90. Intergroup comparisons of TVC values revealed significance in favor of the SRP + Probiotic group at the end of day 90 (p<0.05). Intergroup comparisons of proportions of obligate anaerobic bacteria revealed statistical significance in favor of the SRP + Probiotic and SRP + SDD groups when compared to the SRP + Placebo between days 0 and 90 (p<0.05). Within the limitation of this study, it can be concluded that L. reuteri containing lozenges and SDD containing tablets might be adjunctive useful agents for the improvement of periodontal health in CP patients.