Theses supervised by Prof. Dr. Gülçin Büyüközkan Feyzioğlu
20 theses · Özyeğin University, Galatasaray University
Organizasyonların dijital dönüşümünde teknoloji ve çalışan işbirliği
In this thesis, collaboration of employees with technology, the design of a digital maturity model, the socio-technical design of governance structures, the inclusion of employees in decision-making processes, and the implementation of robotic process automation activities that come to the fore in employee-technology collaboration have been considered. For a holistic and end-to-end handling of the transformation, the digital transformation journey and its critical stages have been defined. In the first stage, a holistic digital maturity model based on a systematic literature review has been designed. This model consists of six main dimensions named digital strategy, digital value, digital processes, digital technology and data, digital work, and digital governance, and twenty-four sub-dimensions. It enables the definition of all critical competencies required by digital transformation regardless of the sector and size of the organizations. In the second stage, after the assessment based on the maturity model has been accomplished, the focus is shifted to how the digital maturity assessment results can be scored and how the targets could be determined to create an effective transformation roadmap. In this context, AHP and TOPSIS methods, which are multi-criteria decision-making techniques, are used in the assessments carried out with the participation of employees. In the third stage, the focus is on robotic process automation that has been designed socio-technically. Then, AHP and TOPSIS methods are used in the selection of a vendor and prioritization of processes, which are critical in the effective deployment and management of this technology.
Tedarik zincirinde etkin blokzincir ve yapay zeka uygulaması için yeni önerilen yaklaşımlar
Businesses worldwide are increasingly facing significant technological challenges in their operations. Today, organizations try to use Industry 4.0 technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and so to increase productivity and solve business problems associated with data confidentiality, security, and information sharing. Blockchain and AI are two of these innovative technologies in the supply chain (SC) literature. Literature indicates that implementation in SCs involves both success and risk factors, and requires a comprehensive guide for practitioners. In addition, the literature shows industrial applications are inadequate and there is still gap for how to success, and therefore guidance based on customer requirements and effective system design is needed for successful implementation. Hence, the objective of this study is to propose success and risk factors for better understanding of Blockchain and AI, and analyze customer needs and design requirements for building effective SC structure based on these technologies. As all these topics involve various decision-making processes, a hybrid multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach is proposed where Incomplete Intuitionistic Fuzzy Preferences (IIFPs) under missing data are suggested as the backbone of the methodology. Success and risk factors are evaluated by combining IIFRs with Analytic Network Process (ANP), while customer and design requirements are evaluated by combining IIFRs with ANP and House of Quality (HoQ). Incorporation of those methods are unique and for the first time which adds value to the literature. With the experts in the field, case studies are implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of evaluation models.
AR-GE projelerinin performans değerlendirmesinde dengeli kurumsal karne ve entegre bulanık çok ölçütlü karar verme yöntemlerinin kullanılması
The performance assessment of research and development (R&D) projects problem is a very complex and austere issue for project managers and there are few studies on this challenging problem in literature. Hence, a new method is intended to propose and it uses balanced scorecard (BSC) perspectives including an extra perspective, called uncertainty, as a basis and it uses an integrated fuzzy multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approach that effaces the quantitative assessment shortcoming of BSC, in order to evaluate the performance of R&D projects in different stages of their life cycle on the scope of company vision and strategies. The fuzzy MCDM method integrates fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), that builds an influential network relation map (INRM) for identifying dependencies between criteria and fuzzy DEMATEL-based analytic network process (DANP), that is used to find the global weights of criteria. The proposed framework applied to a project that is carried out in a well-known R&D institution in TURKEY and the derived results have shown that in the absence of sufficient data, performance criteria included in BSC approach can be consolidated with the help of fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy DANP techniques and the proposed method is a successful tool for project performance assessment.
Bulut bilişim teknoloji servis sağlayıcısı seçiminde entegre karar destek sistemi
Increasing competitive environment in businesses is shaping the way of Information Technology outsourcing. As a branch of IT, cloud computing technology is revolutionizing the IT industry in a promising way for delivering flexible and cheap computing resources via cloud platform. As a risky process of cloud computing technology service provider selection affects the existing capabilities of businesses and it must be well-organized. In literature, the evaluation of cloud computing technology especially systematically evaluated practices of cloud computing technology service provider selection remain limited. Service provider selection process requires a multi-criteria approach including the evaluation of both quantitative and qualitative factors. User experience, which presents an important part of this process, also needed to be included with decision makers' judgments. Therefore, this thesis study develops an integrated fuzzy multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approach based on fuzzy decision making trial and evaluation laboratory model (DEMATEL), fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) and fuzzy TOPSIS. After reviewing the literature in detail, cloud computing technology service provider evaluation criteria are determined and analysed with the guidance of expert evaluations using fuzzy DEMATEL to identify key criteria that will be used in a case study. Secondly, in lights of expert evaluations, fuzzy DEMATEL and fuzzy ANP methods are applied to calculate weights of the evaluation criteria and the most suitable company of cloud computing technology service provider is chosen with fuzzy TOPSIS method. Keywords: Cloud Computing Technology, Cloud Service Provider, Fuzzy DEMATEL, Fuzzy ANP, Fuzzy TOPSIS
SWOT temelli bulanık çok kriterli karar verme yaklaşımıyla Türkiye için sürdürülebilir turizmin stratejik analizi
Misuse of natural resources has dramatically increased with the tourism activities. Turkey is one of the popular tourism destinations, hence it has its share from this negative situation. One of the solutions to decrease the possible effects of those threats against the environment is sustainability studies. Selecting the significant strategies among different alternatives with different specifications drives decision makers to apply strategical analysis. For this purpose, Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is an efficient and productive tool that is widely used for evaluating and weighting criteria which containing multiple, usually conflicting criteria. The studies around the word to maintain the sustainable tourism is as much as essential for Turkey, too. For that purpose, primarily, strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of sustainable tourism in Turkey are identified by using SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis based on a detailed survey analysis and tourism experts' view. After that, several strategies are created with literature survey and experts' opinion. The identified factors are prioritised with Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Method (fuzzy AHP). To determine the most efficient strategy or strategies fuzzy VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje, Multicriteria Optimization and Compromise Solution) method is applied. In the literature, there are studies with regard to SWOT based method upon sustainable tourism, however; on the basis of Turkey, neither SWOT based method nor fuzzy AHP and fuzzy VIKOR method are used together in a study which is about sustainable tourism. Therefore, this study has a significant importance regarding serving as a model for both theoreticians and practitioners and making a contribution to the literature.
Etkin yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları seçim problemi için önerilen yeni entegre MCDM yaklaşımları
The use of Renewable Energy Resources (RER) is growing rapidly for energy generation and several studies indicate that these will have a huge contribution in the future. Selecting RER is a complex problem involving different criteria and alternatives. This thesis is based on RER as a Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem and puts forward a new evaluation model and three integrated analytic approaches to be able to select the most appropriate RER in Turkey from investor perspective. MCDM is a powerful tool widely used to handle complex situations and assist Decision Makers (DMs) in mapping out the situations. In decision processes, Group Decision Making (GDM) combines the individual judgements of DMs in to a common opinion. In this thesis, three approaches are presented based on Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The first approach is GDM based integrated DEMATEL, ANP and TOPSIS within crisp numbers. This approach involves certainty of DMs assessments in decision making process. The second proposed approach integrates GDM based integrated linguistic interval fuzzy preferences with DEMATEL, ANP and TOPSIS. This approach is useful in dealing with complex and uncertain situations. The third proposed approach includes GDM based integrated intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) DEMATEL (IF-DEMATEL), IF-ANP and IF-TOPSIS. The originality of the thesis comes from its ability to propose effective and comprehensive a new evaluation model for both Turkey and literature and apply to RER selection problem from investor perspective. Another contribution is to adapt intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) and linguistic interval fuzzy preference relations to DEMATEL, ANP and TOPSIS with GDM for the first time.
Yeni bir sürdürülebilirlik performans değerlendirme model önerimi ve enerji projelerine uygulanması
Today, economic activities cannot be considered separately from their direct and indirect social impacts and environmental consequences. Economic, environmental and social effects need to be approached and assessed with a balanced and integrated manner. Under these circumstances, the assessment of sustainability performance of manufacturing processes, product, projects and supply chains is particularly important. Nevertheless, available models that aim to evaluate sustainability of business activities in a holistic way are limited in their scope and methodology. To address this gap, an innovative sustainability performance evaluation framework is proposed in this study as a decision-making support tool for different industries and purposes with the help of operations research methods. This structure is based on a 4-level hierarchical criteria model, combined with multi-criteria decision making (AHP-VIKOR) and group decision making methods. It is then adapted for the application area of energy, where the framework is tested on two real case studies from Turkey to demonstrate its effectiveness and usability in literature and business operations.
Entegre KFG ve ikili sözel gösterim tekniği ile sürdürülebilir üniversite binası tasarımı
The world faced numerous technological achievements, enormous natural resource usage and population growth since the industrial revolution. Nowadays, we start to see the after-effects of this gigantic growth of human species. Because of this effect, awareness for our planet earth has started. Sustainability has entered our lives. In parallel to population increase all over the world, the concept of resource efficiency is entering local agenda. One of the fields where resources are intensively used is buildings. Humans affect the environment they live in and construct spaces to sell and work. Buildings considerably affect their environment and are responsible for roughly one-sixth of fresh water use, one-quarter of its wood harvest, and two-fifths of its material and energy flows. The impacts caused by buildings are not limited to the location where they are located and directly or indirectly affect soil, water and air quality, ecosystems. In a world where awareness about sustainability continues to rise rapidly in every industry, investigating sustainable building (SB) is a very promising area of work. This area is ready for new developments to achieve high-level green technologies aiming at the comfort and health of the stakeholders. Stakeholder expectations provide valuable data for the design of a building. These expectations are like a customer requirement for a product design. At this point, the most critical issue is making the design according to customer expectations. To realize this goal, a very well-known approach, called Quality Function Deployment (QFD), can be useful, which is available for translating customer needs into design parameters. The main objective of this M.S. thesis is to analyse end user preferences for sustainable building with QFD approach. Normally, the QFD approach is a way to gain insight about customer expectations to uncover the positive quality requirements for the product. In our case, customer requirements are buildings' stakeholder's desires and the design parameters are our technical requirements. The main idea is to have a user-friendly SB design. To accomplish a QFD-based SB design approach, it will be applied to a university building, which will be given in the next sections. 2-Tuple is chosen as a technique to study in this M.S. thesis. Detailed literature survey about 2-Tuple was made to see the different application areas for 2-Tuple linguistic representation. Due to this detailed literature survey; the advantages of 2-Tuple method are detected to use it in multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. 2-Tuple's easy computational steps and its strength against loss of information, provide a good environment to handle the impreciseness and multi-granularity of linguistic data in MCDM. To test its advantages and plausibility, 2-Tuple model is applied with QFD method for university buildings. As a result of this application, the ranking of the technical requirements for a user-friendly sustainable university building are obtained. The first three requirements are "Absorptive and reflective surfaces and materials into the space", "LED Lightings" and "Contributing community on that site".
Çoklu tercih ilişkileri ile entegre SWOT analizi ile Marmara bölgesi organize sanayi bölgelerinin lojistik stratejlerinin seçimi
Today, organized industrial zones have a major role in the economic and industrial improvement of our country. It would be right to advance with appropriate strategies to ensure the continuous improvement of these places. Current situation analysis is required to determine the right strategies. In these regions where industrial activities are so intense, logistical activities should be emphasized in order to carry out activities such as transportation, storage, customs, packing, distribution of the product / service resources in a controlled and effective way. The aim of this paper is to apply SWOT analysis by presenting a new group decision making (GDM) approximation which takes multiple preference formats and incomplete preference formats into consideration and associates several formats of evaluations into one uniform group decision by means of fuzzy set theory. The Marmara Region Organized Industrial Zones (OIZs) were chosen as the application area of methodology and weights of SWOT groups, factors and sub-factors were acquired by using multiple preference relations and incomplete preference relations techniques. By means of SWOT matrix, alternative logistics strategies are developed and by using multiple preference relations technique with TOPSIS methodology best strategy for the logistics development of Marmara Region OIZs has been chosen. Evaluation model of the study has four main groups (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and there are 12 factors under the SWOT groups and 38 sub-factors under the SWOT factors. As a result of the evaluations, Strengths group seems with the highest importance level than the other groups. "S22: Border gates to be closer to the production centers" seems with the highest importance level among the other factors. When we look at the importance degrees of alternative strategies, "WO1: Strengthening of the OIZs infrastructure and making the connection routes to the main transportation arteries" has chosen as the best strategy for the logistics development of Marmara Region OIZs.
Dijital olgunluk modeli için kararsız bulanık çok kriterli karar verme teknikleriyle değerlendirme yapısı
As organizations continually face pressures to gain and retain competitive advantage, identifying ways of cutting costs, improving quality, reducing time to market, meeting customer requirements, having flexible processes become increasingly important. In this context, Digital Transformation (DT) aim to create new customer experiences, improve operational efficiencies, generate new revenue streams and rapidly respond to changing conditions. DT leads to the emergence of new business models. Companies need to know where to start and how to follow a path in their DT journey. At this point, Digital Maturity Models (DMMs) help companies. The aim is to provide a scientific method that guides organizations in their DT journey with 2 phases. In the first phase, an original DMM is constructed and a method for calculating the digital maturity score is proposed. Hesitant Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to determine the importance degree of the factors. Since decision makers (DMs) often have difficulties to express their thoughts during decision-making process, the hesitant fuzzy linguistic terms set (HFLTS) approach is preferred. In the second phase, strategic action plans are offered according to digital maturity levels of the companies. The insufficient parts of companies in terms of DT are determined by DMM evaluation and strategic action plans are proposed as improvement suggestions. Hesitant Fuzzy Axiomatic Design (AD) method is used to select the best action plan. The research methodology and the proposed evaluation framework are illustrated with a real case study and the results of the study are given.
Kararsız bulanık ÇKKV yöntemleri ile akıllı şehirlerin ve akıllı ulaşımın stratejik analizi
Rapidly growing population and migration from rural areas to urban space have considerable impact on the problems of cities. These problems not only affect the economic and social life in the cities negatively but also they deteriorate the life quality of inhabitants. Smart city emerges as a new approach with significant potential in the rational solution of urban problems. This approach ensures that urban entities and resources be managed using Information Technology. In this study, it is aimed to make a strategic analysis of proposed smart city model consisting main dimension and components. In a two-stage study, the hesitant fuzzy linguistic (HFL) multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approach is used when information nature is uncertain. Furthermore, decision makers (DMs) can express their opinions more comfortable with words and this MCDM approach overcomes the uncertainty. In the first phase, the importance degrees of the smart city components are weighted by the HFL Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. Relationship matrix between main dimensions and components is constructed by collecting linguistic data from DMs and the most appropriate main dimension is obtained as smart transportation dimension. In the second phase, Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) factors of smart transportation in Istanbul are determined with literature review and expert opinions. HFL Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to define the importance degree of the factors. Then, HFL Combinative Distance-based Assessment (CODAS) method is used to determine the most appropriate strategy for smart transportation and results are compared with HFL Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method.
Dijital tedarik zincirinin modellenmesi ve tasarımı
In today's industrial competitive environment, supply chains need to become digital in order to do business in the global market. However, the traditional supply chains are limited by their digital abilities. Digital Supply Chain (DSC) is emerged as a new concept to identify or solve existing problems in supply chains. DSC can be defined as an intelligent best-fit technological system that is based on the capability of cooperation and communication to support and synchronize interaction between organizations by making services more accessible with an effective outcome. The extensive literature research on DSC area revealed that studies focusing on digitalization within supply chains are very limited and generally these studies are focusing to a single problem encountered in supply chain management. Integrated studies handling multiple problems are nonexistent to the best of our knowledge. This thesis aims to fill this absence by focusing on strategic issues that directly affect DSCs for building an effective management structure with integrated approaches. Thus, the proposed thesis study consists of four main stages: Modelling a digitalization structure for supply chains with the Axiomatic Design approach; Analyzing the success and risk factors of DSC structure with the Cognitive Map approach; Planning technologic infrastructure of DSC with the Quality Function Deployment approach; and Evaluating technology partner(s) for DSC using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making techniques. The analytical dimension of the proposed integrated structure is treated with the Pythagorean Fuzzy Set approach. The first stage of the thesis provides us with a digital transformation framework. This framework can be used as a means to locate the inadequate areas of supply chains for transformation into truly DSC entities. By precisely locating the success and risk factors for DSC, this provides insight regarding the digitalization challenges in supply chain management. Prioritizing the most suitable DSC components helps entities successfully plan the technologic infrastructure in transforming into true DSC. Finally, the selection of the best technology partner can be used as a reference to guide modeling and design initiatives in DSCs. The proposed approaches are applied on real case studies through the evaluations of industrial experts. The obtained results are discussed and the final remarks are made to construct an effective DSC structure.
İnternet ağı olmadan makine öğrenimi tabanlı akıllı arı kovanı izleme sistemi
Beekeeping plays essential role both in terms of agricultural yields and agricultural economy; they produce honey, wax, royal jelly, apitoxin, pollen, and propolis. Nowadays, these natural products become more importantly suitable and preferable for nutrition, food supplement, medicine, and industry. However, to produce organic honey, majority of the apiaries are located in remote or distant rural areas where utilities such as electricity and Internet network are not available. Additionally, due to colony failures, world honey production decreases year by year despite the increase in the number of beehives. The objective of this paper is to develop a smart beehive monitoring system for apiaries including those that do not have access to Internet network. In this context, temperature and relative humidity inside the beehive, and ambient temperature were measured with RFID sensors. Control center, where all sensor data was sent and stored at, has a GSM module used to warn the beekeeper via SMS when an anomaly is detected. Simultaneously, using the collected data, an unsupervised machine learning algorithm is used for detecting anomalies and calibrating the warning system. The results show that the smart beehive monitoring system can detect fatal anomalies up to 4 weeks prior to colony loss.
Dijital eğitim sistemlerinin modellenmesi ve analizi
The healthy realization of social transformations is not only possible through industrial and technological transformations. In parallel, it must also be carried out systematically in areas such as education, health, and government. In this direction, with the Education 4.0 approach, quality and customized content is offered to users according to their needs, and the users can access this content from anywhere in the world, regardless of time. In this context, the main objectives of this thesis are to increase the effectiveness of digital education and provide a digital education system framework with better quality and efficient outcomes. Firstly, a comprehensive literature review is conducted, and based on the gaps in the literature, existing digital education platforms are evaluated with the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach. Then, a metaverse-based education system, which is seen as the next step of digital education platforms, is designed with the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach, and the supporting digital technologies for this education system are evaluated. Finally, the trustworthiness of the digital education system is examined with an index-based evaluation approach, and action plans are proposed. In this thesis, all the presented approaches are supported by a fermatean fuzzy approach to provide a more realistic and flexible environment for the experts to evaluate, when the information is insufficient and uncertain. The proposed approaches are applied to real case studies by taking the evaluations of experts. The results are discussed and conclusions are drawn for an effective digital training system structure.
Dijital devlet dönüşümünün modellenmesi ve analizi
With the rapid development of digital technologies, digital transformation reshapes the functioning of governments. Digital Government (DG) aims to leverage technology to enhance the delivery of public services, improve efficiency, and foster transparency. Embracing DG is a strategic imperative for governments looking to provide practical, transparent, and citizen-centric services in the 21st century. Therefore, many government organizations intensified their DG efforts in response to its necessity. This thesis aims modelling and analysing DG framework to obtain an accessible, effective, and accountable DG. Therefore, the main stages of the thesis are: Modelling and analysis of the DG framework for a better understanding of the success and risk factors of the DG transformation by using the Cognitive Map approach; proposing a Cybersecurity Maturity Model and analysing maturity levels of public institutions using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods; proposing a cybersecurity roadmap for providing secure DG transformation. Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Set technique is integrated with the Cognitive Map approach, and the incomplete Hesitant Fuzzy Preference Relations technique is integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision- Making methods. In the first stage, the Digital Government Transformation (DGT) is investigated into how governments shall transform themselves to take advantage of the potential of emerging and future digital technologies. The modelling and analysis of success and risk factors of DGT provides a holistic framework and provides valuable insights for public institutions. Focusing on cybersecurity for secure DGT helps public institutions assess cybersecurity maturity levels. Finally, cybersecurity action plans and roadmap can be used as a guide for providing secure DGT.
Tarımda dijitalleşme: Akıllı tarım sistemlerinin tasarımı ve modellenmesi
This thesis focuses on examining the multifaceted structure of Smart Agriculture (SA), aiming to discover its potential to revolutionize the agricultural sector and address critical sustainability concerns. Adopting a systematic and interconnected approach by integrating different sections, the thesis unfolds as follows: In Chapter 2, key technologies for SA are identified, and connections with Industry 4.0 are explored. This chapter highlights the dilemma of balancing digitization and sustainability. Chapter 3 establishes the theoretical foundation for the proposed Fermatean Fuzzy Sets (FFSs) methodology. It integrates FFS with the 2-tuple linguistic representation (2TL) and conducts a literature review, contributing to the exploration and contextualization of selected methodologies. Chapter 4, focusing on Turkish agriculture, employs a comprehensive SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) / PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legislative, Environmental) analysis. This integrated analysis examines internal and external factors influencing the sector's tranformation into a sustainable SA system, leading to strategy identification. Chapter 5 addresses the design phase by implementing a two-stage Quality Function Deployment (QFD) analysis. This process serves as a roadmap for designing an SA system prioritizing sustainability and digitization. Chapter 6 focuses on critical technology providers for key components such as Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, and sensor technology. The thesis aims to deepen the research process in the field of SA using the 2TLFFS approach. Each chapter builds upon the previous one, delving deeper into the intricacies of SA system design while offering concrete solutions and applicable strategies. This interconnected approach provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.
İşbirliksel planlama, tahmin ve ikmal yapısını destekleyen faktörlerin bulanık bilişsel haritalama yaklaşımıyla incelenmesi
Today enterprises in business environment aim to increase their market shares and also endeavour to decrease their expenditures. Accordingly, they serve to ideally meet the expectations of customers by providing right products at the right time and in the correct way. Supply Chain Management (SCM) that was suggested in order to best meet these requirements in 1980s but started to be applied by companies since its power of enabling competition advantage was understood more at the beginning of especially 2000s can be defined as an activity involving control and coordination of all materials, financial and information flows both to the upstream (input supplier) and downstream (services after distribution and marketing) in the chain accrued from the entrance of the raw material to its arrival to the final user. In consequence of an effective SCM, enterprises reduce their stocks, perform their operations with lower costs and they enable increase of customer satisfaction by finding an opportunity for transmission of products to their customers at will.Nowadays, changing technologies, global competition, increase of outsourcing and growth of privatized enterprises force the enterprises to determine cooperation strategies in supply chain and to carry them into effect. Collaboration is a process in which people and groups work all together in order to reach to the desired consequences. It brings essential benefits in especially complex supply chain structures. ?Collaboration? based on the ground of sharing such as information, source, activity and risk sharing plays a crucial role in application of an effective SCM. Accordingly, an effective SCM means to build and manage cooperation strategies that will enable coordination, manage ambiguities, reduce total cost and increase service level between elements within the chain from the suppliers to the final customer and business processes of the institution.As value added by cooperation has been started to be understood, both academicians and industrial executors started to deal with this subject in a vital way. Just-in-Time II (JIT II), Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), Continuous Replenishment Programs (CRP), Quick Response (QR), Vendor Management Inventory (VMI) and finally Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) strategies have been important SCM strategies applied by the enterprises from the end of 1980s until recently. Common goals of these strategies are to enable transparency of the supply chain and to reduce the costs and increase cooperation in the supply chain. This study focuses on the CPFR strategies. The most essential difference of this strategy from the others is not only to endeavour to ameliorate stock and supply activities but also make predictions along with members of the supply chain and develop common production and purchasing plans besides more intense information sharing. Thus, enterprises increase efficiency and facilitate the management of the ambiguities by effectively utilizing their sources, reducing costs of stock, transportation and purchasing and ameliorating sales and incomes. In spite of knowing positive effects of cooperation strategies in supply chain on enterprises? performances, since building and operation of such structures are difficult, it is mostly not possible for enterprises to reach to the desired consequences. Therefore, aim of this study is to determine factors that will support better implementation of CPFR strategies and analyze them by means of an analytical technical in order to generate better cooperation environment in supply chain.In the study, after factors affecting cooperation structure of supply chain in general and supporting CPFR in an ad hoc way were determined with a detailed literature research, factors in question and the relations between them were modelled and analyzed with ?fuzzy cognitive map? approach. As collaboration structure is a complex and dynamic structure in supply chain and as its results affect the future of an enterprise, it is preferable that it is handled with strategic management approaches. Cognitive mapping (CM) method as a tool for creating a common mind is a prominent technique in this trend. The technique in question has a common usage area for both its association with group decision support systems and its ease of implementation. The difference of FCM technique from CM technique is that it also puts forward to what degree the factors determined influence each other as well as in which direction they influence one another. Though degrees of influence can be expressed in numerical terms, in some uncertain cases, it is not easy to express the relations in numerical values. That is the reason why degree of influence of the relations put forward can be indicated using verbal expressions such as ?a little, very, not influential?. This is where fuzzy logic comes in to turn these verbal expressions into numerical values and to use them in processing. Another advantage of FCM technique is that it has the capacity to be used as a decision support forecasting tool. As it was found out as a result of the literature research that CM and/or FCM approaches were not used in determining factors supporting CPFR strategies, this study is of an authentic quality.While CPFR structure was modelled in this study, three basic sub-systems, information sharing, decision synchronization, incentive alignment, were taken into consideration as suggested by Simatupang and Sridharan in 2004. After each sub-system was examined in detail, relations of factors considered important for these systems with each other and dynamic behaviours of the systems as a result of changes made in degree of importance of these factors were analyzed. As a result of the analyses, it was found out that technological investments imply a certain cost for enterprises but it is a factor which must be given importance to as it ensures more efficient decisions by increasing information sharing and the quality of the information shared after a certain level. Having common vision and objectives for being in collaboration in supply chain and trust between members for strong associations were determined to be important factors. Moreover, in the last part of the study, model suggested was analyzed again and obtained for retail sector with comments of experts from this sector where CPFR strategy is more densely implemented. It is considered that the key supporting factors for CPFR implementation in retail sector are such as technologic infrastructure and communication capability, system security, trust and mutual objectives, cross department support, continuous information sharing and top management support.This study is thought to be of guiding quality for the implementers regarding how they can get more effective results based on supply chain in general and on CPFR strategy in an ad hoc way. As a continuation to the study, this implementation can be practiced in other sectors, sector differences can be identified and so requirements for more effective CPFR structures can be emphasized.
Sürdürülebilir tedarik zinciri yapısının belirsizlik ortamında analizi
Integration of sustainable development in the business and supply chain is potentially asource of competitive differentiation for firms. Academic and corporate interest insustainable supply chain management (SCM) has also risen considerably in recentyears. Sustainable SCM is the management of material, information and capital flows aswell as cooperation among companies along the SC while taking goals from all threedimensions of sustainable development, i.e., economic, environmental and social, intoaccount which are derived from customer and stakeholder requirements. This paperexamines the components and elements of sustainable SCM and how they serve as afoundation for an evaluation framework. By using the quality function deployment(QFD) as a product or process development tool, an effective sustainable SCM structurecan be obtained. The traditional QFD structure requires individuals to express theirpreferences in a specific scale. However in practice, people contributing to the processgenerally tend to give information about their personal preferences linguistically andeven incompletely, depending on their background. Therefore, the objective of thisstudy is to apply an extended QFD methodology in sustainable SCM by introducing anew group decision making (GDM) approach that takes incomplete preference relationsinto account, and fuses different preferences into one uniform group decision by meansof fuzzy set theory. This methodology is compatible with the requirements of thevarious stakeholders involved in the SC. To assess the validity of the proposedapproach, applications in two specific companies are given.
Entegre bulanık yaklaşım kullanarak sürdürülebilirlik bakış açısıyla tedarikçi seçimi
The increasing awareness of non governmental organizations, academia andbusiness on the environmental and social issues leads companies to pay attention on the novelconcept of sustainability. Sustainability involves the multiple objectives of social, economicand environmental sustainability. Thus, in recent years the interest in sustainable supplychain has increased and supplier selection becomes critically important. In this study, thesustainability concept is integrated into the supplier evaluation and selection problem andevaluation criteria are determined based on the related literature. Due to the multi-criterianature of the problem and the vagueness in the human judgments, this study proposes a hybridmodel combined with fuzzy logic. This model applies Fuzzy Decision Making Trial andEvaluation Laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) technique to deal with the interdependencieswithin an evaluation cluster, Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (Fuzzy ANP) to calculate thedependencies between clusters and then to determine the criteria weights and FuzzyPreference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (FuzzyPROMETHEE) technique to achieve a final ranking of the alternatives. Finally, a case studyis presented to illustrate the application of the proposed method. The results showed that eventhough the final importance weights of the criteria under the Performance Evaluation clusterare approximate, Sustainability Competence, Cost and Time appeared to be the mostimportant criteria among the others.
Ürün geliştirme için bir yapının tasarlanması ve ortaya konması
In today?s market, product development (PD) emerges as a business strategy to sustain competitive advantage and the complexity of the process compels firms to seek collaboration. However, collaborative PD (CPD) comes out as difficult to manage with its multi-cultural, multi-spatial, interdisciplinary teams. This study aims to propose a holistic structure to aid CPD practitioners throughout the process. An Axiomatic Design (AD) based three dimensional generic CPD structure is constructed initially and the structure is further decomposed within the collaborative software development (CSD) scheme. Then these three dimensions are investigated separately. Partner selection, the conditions of collaboration formation, and technology planning problems are handled with fuzzy multi-criteria decision making, game theory principles, and an integrated fuzzy approach, respectively. Applications of the proposed model are conducted within CSD processes. Four major outcomes are observed. The decomposition model helps managers to keep track of the CPD process. The partner selection model enables the decision makers to express their priorities and evaluate project targets separately. The bargaining model suggests that revenue sharing strongly depends on the knowledge stocks and mutual trust. The technology planning model provides an investment path regarding the project requirements.The study presents guidelines for CPD in general, for CSD in specific, and is endorsed by case studies and applications in software industry. The AD based decomposition structure and the partner selection, collaboration formation, and technology planning models provide CPD practitioners with more control over the process, which results in improved CPD performance.