Coverage mapping by using 3D digital terrain

Nowadays, with the development of technology and the increase in population, people's use of technological tools has increased. The use of wireless communication technology by these vehicles and the widespread use of 5G technology has increased the need for base stations. Considering the rapid increase in urbanization, increasing the service quality for users is necessary. For this reason, it is crucial to place the base stations in the right positions. Electric fields must be calculated to place the base stations in the correct locations. Geometric Optics, Geometric Diffraction Theory, Uniform Diffraction Theory, and ray tracing technique are explained. Explanations have been made for the superconducting surface, and reflections from the lossy surface and the necessary formulas have been given. In this study, the electric field created at the receiver point by the beam traced between the transmitter and receiver using the ray tracing technique was calculated using the formulas of Geometric Optics and Uniform Diffraction Theory. 3D terrain maps were created in the MATLAB program using 3D numerical data. A 2-dimensional profile of the region was created by applying 2-dimensional transformation windows on the map, and the region map was modeled as short lines and knife-edged wedges. The electric fields generated by the direct, reflected, and diffracted rays were calculated using the ray tracing algorithm and the code. Three-dimensional circular and quadrilateral coverage maps were created with the help of the calculated electric fields. Transmitting antennas were placed at specific points, and the most suitable transmitter antenna location was determined from electromagnetic calculations. As a result of the simulation studies, the effects of operating frequency, transmitter antenna height, and surface type on the calculated electric field were examined. 2D graphs of the electric field distribution in a solution space are presented, and the effects of landforms are observed. Simulations are made for the superconducting surface and different surfaces, and how horizontal and vertical polarizations affect the electric field at the receiver point is discussed. The written algorithm was modified to perform parallel computation, and the effects of the number of cores used on the coverage mapping performance were examined.