Armed organization crime in Turkish Criminal Law (TCK art. 314)

The September 11 attacks at the beginning of the 21st century and the subsequent development of the global counter-terrorism concept are among the most significant events of the last 25 years. The fight against terrorism has taken on new dimensions worldwide, and legal regulations have been enacted in this context. The fight against terrorism has taken on new dimensions worldwide, and legal regulations have been implemented in this context. Laws have also undergone changes in line with the increasing diversity of terrorist acts and the changing organizational structures of terrorist organizations. Since its founding, the Republic of Turkey has faced organizations and movements that threatened the existence of the state and public order. Non-state armed organizations, particularly intensified during the Cold War, have dominated the national agenda for the last twenty-five years. In this period, where states' security-oriented concepts came to the fore, conflicts and coup attempts brought about the transformation of laws. During this period, one of the greatest dilemmas of the modern state, the dilemma of security versus freedom, became apparent in the course of judicial decisions. Although armed organizations are a prominent topic of daily life, these organizations have been examined within the context of criminal organizations or terrorist crimes; Article 314 of the Turkish Penal Code, cited in the Anti-Terror Law and Article 220 of the Turkish Penal Code, has not received sufficient attention. The Turkish Criminal Law, which entered into force in 2005, includes new regulations regarding criminal organizations and armed terrorist organizations. Various problems have been encountered in its implementation, and amendments have been made to the law's articles. This study focuses on the elements of armed organization crime, its distinguishing features, and its relationship with other types of crime in three sections. Taking into account the problems encountered in practice, detections will be made regarding the problems in the legal system and solutions will be proposed. Keywords: Organized crime, armed organization, terrorist organization, terrorism