The impact of ethnic gaps on political instability in Afghanistan

Ethnic discrimination is one of the new topics that was noticed in the field of international relations after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s more than ever. The ethnic discrimination in countries where there is a wealth of ethnic groups and multiple religions and the process of state-nation building and national identity have not yet been formed, led to civil war and political instability. Afghanistan is a country with diversity of ethnic groups, cultures, languages, religious and cultural groups which has made it known as a mosaic of ethnic groups, thus become one of the factors of political instability in Afghanistan. Ethnic, linguistic, cultural and religious conflicts in Afghanistan, after September 11 and the formation of a new system and government after the Bonn Conference and the approval of the constitution of 2012, have been caused that other ethnic groups of Afghanistan to not consider themselves related to the Afghanistan government but Pashtuns. In fact, ignoring the ethnicities in the new constitution has led to the aggravation of the ethnic cracked in the country. Since its founding, Afghanistan has been grappling with escalating ethnic and class strife, riots, mass violence, successive military coups and the domination of individualist leaders whose economic and social policies have often proved disastrous. War is considered a serious problem in Afghanistan's history in terms of tribal rivalries and their associated political power and political instability in general. After mentioned events, the constitution was drawn up in 2002. During the drafting of the new constitution, there were a lot of consultations and discussions about what to be the future political system of the country like. Despite the expectation of the majority of the Afghan people, the centralized presidential political system was introduced as Afghanistan's new political system but, in the last 15 years, this system with all its subsets has not been able to gain the consent of all ethnic groups, furtheremore has not had sufficient legitimacy. Keywords: Ethnic Groups, Political Stability & Instability, Laws of Afghanistan