Smart contact lenses: A literature review on dual-use scenarios in healthcare and defense industry

This thesis aims to analyze the current development, multifunctional applications, and strategic significance of smart contact lens technologies, particularly in the contexts of healthcare and defense industries, through a comprehensive literature review. Moving beyond their conventional optical correction functions, contact lenses are increasingly evolving into advanced wearable platforms that integrate biosensors, wireless communication, energy management, and flexible electronic systems. Within this framework, the study explores critical healthcare applications such as continuous physiological monitoring, glucose level detection, and controlled drug delivery, as well as innovative defense applications including augmented reality, night vision, and tactical decision-support systems. Furthermore, the research examines the enabling disciplines that drive these advancements material science, micro- and nanosystems, optoelectronics, and energy-efficient system design from a holistic analytical perspective. By reviewing recent prototypes and emerging research trends, the study provides insights into the future trajectory of smart contact lens development and proposes potential application strategies. In conclusion, this work highlights the innovative and dual-use potential of contact lens technologies within the rapidly expanding wearable technology ecosystem, aiming to contribute scientifically to interdisciplinary research and advanced technological development processes.