The determination of physiological and molecular responses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to alkaline conditions

Wheat is one of the most early cultivated plants. Plants are exposed to biotic and abiotic stress conditions throughout their lives. The aim of this study is to determine the reactions of Aytın-98, Çetinel-2000 and Tir bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to alkaline conditions by both antioxidant enzyme activities, elemental analysis and molecular analysis. For this purpose, plants grown using hydroponic medium were exposed to 0, 10, 50 and 100 mM doses of NaHCO_3for 48 hours during seedling stage. In this study, in the hydrogen peroxide (H_2 O_2), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the control, all of the doses of NaHCO_3in the Çetinel-2000 genotype were increased, while there were increases and decreases in the Aytın-98 and Tir genotypes. Similarly, in terms of malondialdehyde content, Çetinel-2000 genotype was higher than other genotypes. The rates of Genomic Template Stability (GTS) with ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) decreased with respect to the dose of NaHCO_3 DNA damage has occurred due to stress. In the results of the elemental analysis, an increase in all genotypes in Na (sodium) amount was observed due to the dose of NaHCO_3while the K (potassium) ratios decreased. There were also increases in Na/K ratios. According to the results of the study, it was understood that Çetinel-2000 genotype was susceptible to all doses of artificially induced alkaline conditions with NaHCO_3, whereas Aytın-98 and Tir genotypes were more resistant to alkaline conditions than Çetinel-2000.