The phenomenon of asabiyyah and its effect on management in the Ummay Period

Affecting Arab life politically, socially and economically since the pre-Islamic period, asabiyyah has been an indispensable element of life. Asabiyyah, which had an important position in Arab Jāhiliyya life, also had important effects on the arrival of Islam. During the Prophet's proclamation of Islam, he aimed to prevent the negative aspects of asabiyyah while benefiting from its positive aspects. In particular, he prohibited the aspects of asabiyyah that were incompatible with Islam. Abu Bakr, who became the first caliph of the Muslims after the death of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), followed the Prophet's practice on the issue of tribalism, while Umar took a similar stance on the issue of tribalism when he became caliph. However, the internal turmoil that occurred during the reigns of Uthman and Ali, which was also caused by the tribalism, paved the way for the regaining strength of the tribalism. When it came to the Umayyad period, in the foundation years of the state, especially as a result of the efforts of talented caliphs such as Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan and Abdulmalik b. Marwan, the asabiyyah was tried to be kept in a certain balance. However, in the following process, as the caliphs prioritized their own wishes rather than the survival of the state, the asabiyyah, which was tried to be kept in a certain balance, got out of control and the caliphs came under the control of the asabiyyah. So much so that while some caliphs became caliphs by taking power from a certain tribe, some caliphs were defeated by the power of tribal asabiyyah. In our thesis, the concept of asabiyyah has been framed and its influence from the pre-Islamic period until the Umayyads has been mentioned, and then, from the first chapter onwards, how asabiyyah influenced the administration until the fall of the Umayyads has been emphasized. Our thesis was finalized with the collapse of the Umayyad state.