Atom-foton sistemlerinde dolaşıklık

ABSTRACTENTANGLEMENT IN ATOM-PHOTON SYSTEMSMuhammet Ali CanPhD in PhysicsSupervisor: Prof. Dr. Alexander S. ShumovskyOctober, 2004In this work we propose a new principle from the point of view of quantum fluc-tuations of observables. This new principle can be considered as an operationaldefinition of ME states. Moreover, we show the existence of perfect entangledstates of a single ?spin-1? particle. We give physical examples related to thephotons, and particle physics. We show that a system of 2n identical two-levelatoms interacting with n cavity photons manifests entanglement and that the setof entangled states coincides with the so-called SU (2) phase states. In particular,violation of classical realism in terms of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) andClauser-Horne-Shimoni-Holt (GHSH) conditions is proved. We also show thatgeneration of entangled states in the atom-photon systems under considerationstrongly depends on the choice of initial conditionsIn order to obtain maximally robust entangled states we have combined max-imum principle with minimum of energy requirement for stabilization, calledMini-max principle. We discuss the generation and monitoring of durable atomicentangled state via Raman-type process, which can be used in the quantum in-formation processing. It is shown that the system of two three-level atoms in Λconfiguration in a cavity can evolve to a long-lived maximum entangled state ifthe Stokes photons vanish from the cavity by means of either leakage or damping.We presented some results based on the application of spherical wave repre-sentation to description of quantum properties of multipole radiation generatedby atomic transitions. In particular, the angular momentum of photons includingthe angular momentum entanglement, the quantum phase of photons, and thespatial properties of polarization are discussed.Keywords: Quantum Information Theory, Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics, En-tanglement, Maximally Entangled States, Mini-max Principle, Robust entangle-ment, Multipole Radiation, Angular Momentum of Photons .iv