Serological investigation of akabane virus (AKAV) infection in cattle, sheep, and goats in the balikesir province

Akabane virus is an important arbovirus transmitted by Culicoides sandflies that causes serious congenital anomalies in ruminants. The viral agent is classified in the Bunyavirales order, Peribunyaviridae family. Genetically, it is a member of the Orthobunyavirus genus and the Simbu serogroup. The virus has been detected in Turkey in various years, and the risk of infection is known to increase in association with seasonal vector activity. Balıkesir province, with its favorable geography and temperate climate, is highly suitable for the development of vector populations. This study conducted serological screenings for Akabane virus in cattle, sheep, and goats throughout the province, and assessed the level of virus circulation in the region. Analysis revealed antibody positivity in 8.93% (15/168) of cattle, 10.14% (15/148) of sheep, and 5.77% (3/52) of goats. Although Akabane infection is subclinical in adult animals, infection during pregnancy can result in severe anomalies in the fetus, such as arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly and reduced viability. Infection in early pregnancy often results in abortion. Considering Balıkesir's ecological characteristics, the findings suggest that Akabane virus may continue to circulate in the region. This necessitates continued regular serological surveillance, strengthening of vector control strategies, and evaluation of vaccination programs during risk periods. Monitoring seroprevalence is crucial for preventing potential congenital infections and reducing economic losses.