Historical geography of Western Turkestan (from the beginning until the mid-12th centrury)

The aim of the study entitled "Historical Geography of West Turkestan" is to examine and reveal the history, geography and cultural structure of West Turkestan in the light of scientific data. The Himalayan Mountains in the south are the border, the Ural Mountains in the north and the God Mountains in the west, the West Turkestan region, which has hosted the oldest and most rooted civilizations of the world, which includes the area up to the Caspian Sea, has always made its name with its rich cultural heritage. On the basis of understanding this richness, the location and geography of the region, the determination of the location and location of the plains, lakes, rivers and mountains of the region is of great importance. In addition to determining the current locations and names of the active political forces, settlements belonging to civilizations and cities living here, our primary goal is to unders tand and make sense of the historical and geographical factors that take place against the background of the economic, religious and architectural structure in the region. vi For this purpose, the main sources and research works that illuminate the history and geography of the region from the beginning to the end of the Great Seljuk period have been classified and examined, and many sources in foreign languages have been translated. The information provided by the sources has been analyzed in a comparative manner and the historical geography of the region has been tried to be clarified. Keywords: Western Turkestan, Geography, History, City, Architecture, Samarkand